Attività di prevenzione e cura su un patrimonio di eccellenza: il caso delle aree archeologiche di Roma e Ostia antica.

Roberto Cecchi, Paolo Gasparoli


The reasons of the Decree of Italian Prime Minister Council (may 2009) about the “realization of urgent required interventions for the overtaking situation of great risk about archaeological sites of Rome and Ostia antica” have to be found, first of all, in the absence of a culture of systematic maintenance, that is the main guarantee of Cultural Heritages conservation. The reasons to promote prevention activities of the deterioration phenomena with programmed controls and maintenance activities, instead of more damaging intervention of restoration, in particular on structures very exposed to atmospheric and human agents like archaeological sites, are well-known and widely shared.

KEY-WORD: preventive conservation, programmed maintenance, restoration, control activities, archaeological sites.

 

 

Alcune  differenze tra manutenzione e prevenzione.

Gian Paolo Treccani


This essay proposes some observations about the differences which characterize the actions of prevention and maintenance. In the world of restoration, in fact, prevention often changes places with maintenance and vice versa. The aim of this essay is to define the real identity of prevention and also to outline the way how it can be transferred, in a proper manner, into the practices of conservation of historic buildings.

KEY-WORD: Maintenance, Prevention, Care

 

 

Approccio e strumenti per la conservazione preventiva in una soprintendenza.

L. Appolonia, A. Glarey, D. Ponziani, N. Seris


The concept of Preventive Conservation it’s one of the rule in the program of the Italian Soptintendenza. The use to reflect and work in this field, give the possibility to distinguish the different means present in this terms. The work and the research made from the Soprintendenza of Aosta can give us the panorama about some different preventive action, like: collection care, collection management, maintenance, environmental control, monitoring and some others conservation plans. Some practical experiences and research are show with a discussion about the conservation need  that generate them.

 

Un metodo di stima del debito manutentivo del patrimonio edilizio storico come strumento di prevenzione e gestione a livello territoriale.

Floriana Marino, Alberto Moretti


The aims of this study are the setting up of operating methodologies for the monitoring of the historical and architectural patrimony at a territorial level and the planning of interventions for the maintenance as well.

The method that has been proposed allows the reaching of a skilled judgement through which you can determine a list of the priorities of intervention for the prevention. This is done through a simple but successful procedure of macroscopic observation of the building: a quantitative and qualitative description of the degradation through the combination of specific parameters.

KEY-WORD: prevention, maintenance, territorial managment, structural degradation, historical buildings

 

 

Le grandi sostruzioni murarie della Genova ottocentesca. Conoscenza e monitoraggio per una cura preventiva.

Stefano F. Musso, Giovanna Franco


There are numerous artefacts that help to define the identity of a city, ensuring stability and defining the image, at least as monuments or buildings on which traditionally focus our attention and care. So it seems to be the great works of "substructure" and support of urban land in a city like Genoa built on a steep and difficult terrain, marked by ridges, valleys and steep slopes. Therefore, the Department of Architecture for the Civic Administration has proposed a research program to compile and monitor the state of conservation of the oldest among these artefacts. Their knowledge would allow to schedule the next maintenance work, to preserve these structures in efficiency and to prevent degradation and structural instability. The research on about 300 artefacts has led to the construction of an information system (GIS).

KEY-WORD: retaining walls, analysis and diagnosis, survey, maintenance, monitoring

 

Prevenzione e difesa dell’architettura monumentale contro i pericoli di guasti e incendi causati dai fulmini tra XVIII e XIX secolo.

Enzo Bentivoglio, Annunziata Maria Oteri


From the second half of 18th century, lightning conductors were used to prevent damage and fire owing to electric discharges. It was an apparently simple protection system, which, on the contrary, amplified damage when even just one of the elements was not perfectly efficient. Lighting conductors were not the only defence against electric discharges. When ancient buildings contained contents at high risk of damage, such as archives, libraries or museums, woodwork was plated, fireplaces and chimneys were isolated and, from the end of 19th century, radiators were installed. In some cases these interventions involved significant transformation of historic buildings, such as the isolation from the rest of the building of those rooms which were particularly vulnerable, or the replacement – in the most traumatic cases – of upper wooden flooring with little vaults leaned up against iron beams.

KEY-WORD: lightning conductors, damage, prevention, historic building

 

 

Preventiva, integrata, programmata: le logiche coevolutive della conservazione.

Stefano Della Torre


This paper investigates the notion of preventive conservation starting from the recognition of something as cultural heritage and the detection of the links with its context: prevention has always to do with an attention paid to context as well as to its evolution through time. As the conceptual framework takes Becoming as a condition of human existence, prevention does not aim at the illusion of steady conservation of built heritage, but at improving the management of transformation. The issue is treated understanding conservation as the output of a process composed by diverse activities, as well as to the evolution of the idea of integrated conservation from the 70s to nowadays climate in which economics of cultural heritage seem to offer new ideas to be developed.

KEY-WORD: Preventive Conservation, Integrated Conservation, Planned Conservation

 

 

Dalla prevenzione ad una strategia della trasformazione.

Lucina Napoleone


Prevention means to analyze and act to prevent future damage. This essay will reflect upon the concept of damage and replace it with “processing”. The reflection should include the traditional idea of project in preservation. The purpose is to start thinking about an instrument that promote transformations through the initiation of processes that change the whole system including the architecture.

KEY-WORD: damage, processing, project, complex system

 

Segni della Prevenzione Alcune domande per i cantieri di ieri e di oggi.

Daniela Pittaluga


“…Take care of your monuments and you will not restore them” (J. Ruskin ). This famous phrase of Ruskin puts us questions regarding the frequency of treatments applied to buildings in past times and the signs of these prevention activities.

What were the objects of such cares? All the buildings or only some ones?  The most glamour ones? the famous ones? How these preventions operate? Where was the focus? Was it on materials selection or in application methods? Where verification periods regular? What was the scope of such a verification?

Part of the research work has been done examining construction documents and deeds. Part comes from direct analysis of the sources: the buildings themselves. This joint research effort obtained evidence on the effectiveness or failure of the interventions developed in the past to prevent degradation. From this we can make some considerations: Preventive activities were widely applied, not only for specific buildings. Prevention could be achieved by means of 1) selection of the construction materials 2) attention to manufacturing procedures 3) continuous maintenance 4) tight controls, or 5) constraints on the usage. Interesting facts have been learned from reading the documents that rule the production of construction materials (brick, lime, etc ...)

KEY-WORD: prevention, care, maintenance, signs, sites, historic architecture.

 

 

La prevenzione in medicina e la prevenzione nel restauro stato dell’arte del dibattito: spunti e criticità.

V. Pracchi, G. L.Capella, A. Capetti, C. La Vecchia


The paper evaluates the state of the debate about prevention in medicine and in architectonic restoration. In particular the attention is focused on problems which have already arisen in the medical field, where prevention is well established: such as the economic and social costs of preventive actions, the policies which need incentives or disincentives, who can carry out preventive measures and how, and the limits of predictions. The experience and the results coming out from studies in the medical sector can be compared with the ideas now emerging, in a more theoretical way, in the field of architectonical restoration.

KEY-WORDS: medicine, restoration, prevention, cure

 

 

Museografia come restauro preventivo. Studi ed esperienze di franco minissi sul tema della conservazione delle opere d’arte nel museo moderno.

Alessandra Alagna


Prevention is intended as a series of acts, cautions and arrangements which are to be carried out to avoid the need of a restoration, or after it, with the aim to avoid the exigency of a new traumatic intervention on the work of art. The museum, intended as a "conception"(Minissi) and not only as a “place”(Brandi), was born to avoid the loss of works of art and to guarantee their preservation in the future. The renewal of the conception of museum begins about 1930 starting from the studies and scientific researches developed in the European and Americans museums. Some Italian experiences contribute to such renewal: Franco Minissi adopt the principle of “preventive restoration” intended as: «protection, removal of dangers, assurance of favourable conditions» (Brandi) planning a kaleidoscope of glass windows, lighting systems and devices for the control of the museum environment. Minissi create exposure machines, intended as “protection containers” to guarantee the preservations and the best visibility of the object: «my effort was to keep the glass windows free from its most usual meaning, to reduce to the maximum its forma value trying to exalt its functional value» (Minissi). He realizes a synthesis between preventive restoration and museography, between scientific studies for the preservation of historical-artistic patrimony and modern architecture, using distinguishable materials as steel, glass, plexiglas. To carry out Brandi’s axiom: «museography as preventive restoration», the works are at first preserved and then shows, in order to assume their understanding and correct reading on the part of the public.

KEY-WORD: Preventive restoration, Franco Minissi, museology, conservation.

 

 

La prevenzione tra informazione, formazione e conoscenza.

Andrea Canziani


Prevention in Cultural Heritage realm generates specific actions for the reduction of risks. There is anyway a gap due to the specific “unreliable” nature of CH. Feedbacks are too slow and confounded to support meaningful experience-based learning. A risk-based approach is necessary. Sophisticated strategies of maintenance are necessary, too, but informative systems are not the answer because of the difference between information and knowledge. Preventive actions and most inspections cannot be disregarded for taking care of historical buildings, but within an advanced framework of applications the real planned conservation development is more and more dependent from acknowledgement and education of users and managers.

KEY-WORD: Planned Conservation, Education, Cultural Heritage, Risk management, Risk evaluation, Reliability, Prevention

 

 

Diagnosi delle strutture lignee in opera: l'attribuzione della classe di rischio e il monitoraggio microclimatico per la  prevenzione del biodegradamento. Un caso di studio.

Juri Badalini, Silvia Dandria


The correlation between class of biological risk, assigned to wooden structures in accordance with the UNI current regulations, and monitoring of temperature and humidity in the rooms allows us to understand whether and how long the structures are exposed to propitious conditions for the attack of xylophages organisms such as mould fungi. So is possible to plan periods and localizations for the inspections to the structures.

KEY-WORD: wooden structures, microclimate, biodeterioration risk.

 

 

PREVENIRE IL DEGRADO: la protezione delle costruzioni in terra cruda.

Manuela Mattone


Earthen constructions, rising in many European, American, Asian and African countries, represent an interesting and important architectural heritage, whose conservation is necessary in order to make it possible the transmission of a technological culture which keeps values of uniqueness of the landscape as well as of the history.

A study of the conditions of preservation of many unplastered earthen buildings revealed the need to test out treatments for the protection of the walls of such buildings, still in good conditions, in order to improve their resistance against the aggressive action of exterior agents. The preservation of this heritage calls for the definition of effective techniques able to mitigate and, if possible, to prevent processes of alteration and ruin in order to guarantee their long-term conservation.

KEY-WORD: earthen construction, prevention, restoration, preservation.

 

 

Sistemi informativi territoriali come strumento di prevenzione.

Rita Vecchiattini


Prevention, important for the single buildings, it assumes a fundamental role to level of inhabited center or urban compartment for the rationalization of the interventions and the control of the territory. It can enter so to belong to the tools of territorial management. This paper wants to analyze the role of geographic information systems as tools of prevention with the purpose to furnish useful data to direct, to program, to plan activity from private e/o public administrations. The information systems can support either the primary prevention, that acts on the risk factors of, or the secondary prevention throughout the developement of ‘precocious diagnosis’ systems. Examples of application: the systems informative to plan for the Old City of Genoa following the European Projects Civis (1995-2000) and RestauroNET (2005).

KEY-WORD: prevention – geographic information systems (GIS) – territorial, management

 

 

Le cupole in terra cruda dei villaggi della regione di Aleppo (Siria): conoscenza dei dispositivi architettonici come base della prevenzione.

F. Fratini,  L. Rovero, U. Tonietti, E. Pecchoni


The case of the corbelled domed buildings of the villages in the region of Aleppo is described. These buildings are made of earth bricks according to architectural solutions of particular complexity associated with building practices going into disuse and deserving to be safeguarded. The main character of these buildings is the cover system of the inhabited space (a square box of earth brick or stone) that is resolved with a paraboloid shape dome built in earth bricks arranged in rings jutting out gradually according to the scheme known as "false" dome. The study enabled  to understand the peculiarity of the dome systems from the static and mechanical point of view, the realization procedures and the importance of  the building materials. These data made it possible to identify the elements of weakness on which to act during maintenance in order to plan a correct prevention of damage.

KEY WORDS  Syria, building systems, corbelled domes, mud bricks, earthen buildings.

 

 

Il controllo idrogeologico sul degrado delle murature: il caso del centro storico di Ferrara.

Marco Stefani, Marco Zuppiroli


The humidity level of walls is controlled by both the porosity-capillarity property of the structure and the hydro-geological nature of the bodies underlying the building foundation. A geological interpretation of the substratum would be therefore needed for a proper genetic understanding of the building condition to be achieved. The brick formed historic town of Ferrara developed during Medieval times along the Po River natural levee sedimentary body and then expanded onto both river sand and flooding plain argillaceous units. A strong linkage therefore connects the sedimentary evolution, the urban growth and the present-day moister and degradation level of historic buildings. The high permeabily sand area are characterized by elevated levels of humidity and salt precipitation, whereas the low permeability clay zones show comparatively reduced moisture rising. The historic gutter framework also plays a major role in controlling the humidity distribution in building.

KEY-WORD: Ferrara historical centre, historic drenage framework, humidity in building, hydrogeology.

 

 

Le strategie di prevenzione nei piani di gestione dei siti Unesco. riferimenti, esperienze e tendenze in atto.

Maria Paola Borgarino


UNESCO World Heritage sites seem to be a significant viewpoint to stress the effectiveness of management tools in encourage a preventive attitude.  The text is divided into three sections. The first paragraph outlines purpose and contents of the management plan and lists the advantages of a sound program of preventive activities within the plan, whilst the second discusses how this issue has been reshaped by national commissions over the last ten years. Actually, the latest documents conceive prevention as the set of decisions and rules affecting the context and underline the need to contain impacts within the carrying capacity of the site. Finally, the third section of the paper deals with current trends and suitable improvements.

KEY- WORDS: Management plan, UNESCO World Heritage sites, carrying capacity, limit of acceptable change, adaptive management.

 

 

Tra prevenzione e manutenzione:  i “Monumentenwachten” 

Neža Čebron Lipovec,  Koenraad Van Balen


The paper explores the meanings of “prevention”, with a special focus on the intermediate zone with the meaning of “maintenance”. The research question aims at contributing to the ongoing discussion about the basic definitions about preventive maintenance as it was raised by the European seminars of SPRECOMAH and recently within the UNESCO chair on preventive conservation, maintenance and monitoring of monuments and sites. The difference between the two concepts is analyzed within the frameworks of the organization Monumentenwacht, is charge of condition assessments and monitoring of cultural heritage in some European countries (Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Hungary). We are looking at three main aspects of these frameworks: the contexts of foundation of the different organizations, the training of its workers (”inspectors”) and the reports produced after the inspections of the building. Special attention is paid to the relationship with traditional craftsmanship.

Keywords: prevention, maintenance, Monumentenwacht, traditional craftsmanship

 

Monitorare il microclima negli edifici storici. Una pratica preventiva come strumento di conoscenza.

Andrea Luciani, Davide Del Curto


This text presents some considerations about the importance of microclimate survey and monitoring in historical buildings for decay prevention. An analysis about the evolution of the terms “prevention” and “environment” in Italian restoration laws and charts is firstly presented. Secondly it is showed how preventive conservation museological theories have influenced prevention practices on architectural heritage, particularly by developing and spreading microclimatic preservation standards. Finally a different preventive approach is described in order to link microclimate survey with a complete and continuative knowledge of historical buildings.

KEY-WORD: microclimate survey, historical buildings, standards, preventive conservation, environment.

 

Verifica e dichiarazione dell’interesse culturale: aspetti normativi nella prevenzione del degrado del patrimonio monumentale.

Andrea Alberti, Maria Gabriella Mori, Laura Sala


The contribution illustrates the action of preventive conservation effected in the monumental field in compliance with the provisions of the law of protection in force and of the previous legislation. In the proposed cases, the prevention, which should represents the indispensable condition for the conservation anyway, concerns the institutional intervention in order to avoid every kind of change, also of the landscape, that can compromise the historicity of a manufactured product. Particular cases of safeguard of important and well-known complex of monuments and museums in the territory of Brescia, such as the Ugo da Como Foundation at Lonato del Garda and the Vittoriale degli Italiani in Gardone Riviera, have seen the Monuments and Fine Arts Office engaged, also through the cataloguing, in a series of interventions aimed at a greater public fruition of the spaces of the residence on one hand and on the other at the maintenance of the natural layout of the surrounding green spaces. The regulative moment of the individuation of the property finds a valid evidence in the case of the racing-car driver Tazio Nuvolari’s dwelling in Mantua.

KEY-WORDS:  prevention, knowledge, body of legislation, declaration of interest, monument

 

Verifiche sull’uso dei beni architettonici come strumento di prevenzione.  Una proposta di metodo.

Nino Sulfaro


Lists of possible uses of historical architecture rarely go through preliminary analysis and/or compatibility test at the setting up phase.  They are often defined after renovation work in a deterministic or, even, accidental way.  This risks putting historical buildings through a “load capacity” linked to the new use, beyond which, keeping unchanged preservation status is impossible.  This paper proposes a quick tool to monitor transformations and systems updating introduced into re-used buildings.  This tool is a prevention model regarding damage and decay caused by incorrect use, from a building maintenance point of view.  The methodology employed comes from Multi-Criteria Analysis, which offers the possibility to combine performance approach and qualitative evaluation.  The grid elaborated compares conformity to reference function and preservation status of historical buildings.  Finally, the proposed tool is tested on former churches in Taormina (ME).

KEY-WORD: use, performance approach, qualitative evaluation, prevention model, former churches, Taormina

 

Pensare la prevenzione per la conservazione dei beni culturali: riflessioni sul paesaggio.

Francesca Tomba


Landscape is a coltural product of interaction humanity and nature. The landscape is the whole territory and ommunity's heritage who recognize inside it a value as a sense of own identity. The transformations of the territory are inevitable but should be governed to maximize retention of traces of past ages. The loss prevention information landscape can be applied in the planning stage through detailed rules of protection and at the same time spreading the culture of conservation among the technicians and local populations.

KEY-WORD:  Prevention, conservation, landscape, town and country planning

 

 

Prevenire il degrado da umidita’ dopo il restauro. Soluzioni impiantistiche per il controllo del microclima presso L’oratorio di Santo  Stefano a  lentate sul Seveso (MI).

D. Del Curto , C. Manfredi, G. Pertot, V. Pracchi, E. Rosina, L. Valisi


The restoration of Santo Stefano Church included the installation of a innovative plant for preventing condensation and damages due to rising damp, the Temperierung system (a warm water pipe running at the bottom of the masonry along the interior perimeter of the church). Since the conclusion of the restoration (2007) up to the end of 2008 the authors kept the microclimate under control, to measure the variations of the thermal-hygrometrical behaviour of the masonry. The paper refers a real experience of monitoring microclimate a surface temperatures for a year, as a part of the cyclic activities of the new perspective of conservation. The authors’s aim is to present many opportunities to participate to the plan for the conservation of the cultural heritage for the stake holders, when the perspective is the concept of conservation as continuous caring of the building.

KEY-WORDS  Diagnostics, intervention, monitoring, study case of Santo Stefano in Lentate sul Seveso (Milan)

 

Caring for outdoor sculpture in lugano, switzerland: preventive conservation and long term maintenance.

S. Barberio, V. Boissonnas, C. Brazzola, J. James, A. Küng


Outdoor sculpture is common to most towns and cities and constitutes an important part of their cultural, artistic and urban identity.  Over the years, while some artworks can become victims of neglect, others can be subjected to repeated and invasive treatment campaigns.  In both cases, this can lead to increasing loss of original material and heavier treatment costs.  A current nationally funded research project is looking at the outdoor sculpture collection belonging to the city of Lugano with a view to establishing, with the full backing of the city’s authorities, a preventive conservation plan.  As well as highlighting the need for improved internal coordination between relevant municipal departments responsible for the artworks and their immediate environment, the research is showing how risk assessment can lead efficiently towards a better understanding of conservation priorities and needs, governing typical preventive strategies such as regular inspection, maintenance and monitoring, and optimising financial, technical and human resources available for conservation.

Key-words: Outdoor sculpture, preventive conservation, inspection, care and maintenance, preventive management, risk assessment.

 

Il restauro delle guglie di coronamento di palazzo Ducale a Venezia. L’uso di sistemi di presidio passivi per prevenire rischi di caduta di frammenti lapidei dalle facciate degli edifici.

C. Menichelli, M. Favaro, C. Lugnani, L. Arcaro


The interventions by passive mechanical systems on architectural surfaces are often not sufficiently taken into account in the restoration of stone facades. These are on the contrary very effective in preventing the risk of falling down fragments or parts of stone, with the benefit of public safety and Cultural heritage conservation. These systems are usually completely reversible and allow to take consolidation techniques nothing much invasive on materials. An example of this approach is the recent restoration of thin spires towering over the cornice of the Doge’s Palace in Venice, enveloped by a sheath of thin stainless steel mesh and consolidated only by lime mortar. The height of the intervention makes it completely invisible from below.

KEY-WORD: Doge’s Palace, restoration, stone, surfaces, public safety.

 

Palazzo Te, Mantova: la prevenzione nella gestione e manutenzione di un bene culturale complesso.

Rossella Moioli


The aim is to describe ongoing best practices in Palazzo Te, Mantua, concerning the methodologies and the management of preventive and planned conservation. The case study provides occasion for thinking about some issues as prevention, maintenance and use as well as about the relationships among them. It’s important to define the different meanings of prevention and to clarify such meanings by some examples. The essay embodies both samples of preventive actions and the description of Global Service which is the tool for the management of conservation process in Palazzo Te.

Key-words: Prevention, maintenance, use, planned conservation.

 

La coscienza del degrado:  appunti sulla prevenzione dei danni alle opere d’arte nel XIX secolo in Campania.

Paolo Bensi, Mario Casaburo, Amalia Galeone


The contribution examines the development of the consciousness of artworks degradation and the consequent need for damage prevention. Are provided details on the situation between XVII and XIX centuries in Italy, with particular reference to art centers as Rome, Florence, the Veneto. Then we will focus the attention on the situation in Campania, exposing the more significant aspects of culture of conservation in eighteenth centuries: it is divided in different typologies of damage prevention, especially by environmental and human causes. This study is based on the analysis of local art literature and of archive documents, that describes the activities of the most important organs protection in Campania: Academy of Fine Arts, religious authorities, provincial committees of conservation.

KEY-WORDS: Neaples, history of prevention, degradation of works of art, restoration

 

La prevenzione nell’arte contemporanea. Ferro bifrontale arancione e plastico in ferro di Pietro Consagra.

Roberta Cosenza, Claudia Pelosi


The aim of this work has been to study the microclimate conditions of the environment of two big sculptures by Pietro Consagra: Ferro bifrontale arancione and Plastico in ferro realized in 1977 for the exhibition Pietro Consagra Iron Sculptures that took place in Charleston, South Carolina, in order to prevent their deterioration. From 2005, in fact,  these sculptures were exposed in two basement rooms of Tuscia University. But the environment didn’t appear suitable for these iron sculptures because the relative humidity and above all its variations were too high. So, as preventive conservation, the microclimate was monitored for one year and the data were supplied to the competent Superintendence that provided to transfer the sculptures in a more suitable environment avoiding a restoration intervention.

KEY-WORD: microclimate, contemporary art, iron sculptures

 

Potentialities of the imaging spectroscopy to deal with the prevention in the cultural heritage field.

E. Rebollo R. Bertoncello L. Poletto, F. Ratti ,G.M. Cortelazzo


The present article discusses the potentialities of imaging spectroscopy to address the prevention of cultural heritage. To illustrate these capabilities, several studies on painting surfaces performed with a transportable imaging device for in situ analyses are presented. The measurement system was built to acquire reflectance data in the spectral range from 420 nm to 850 nm. This non-invasive spectroscopic technique can be used for identification and mapping of painting materials as pigments and for the evaluation of colour and their aging changes. The information provided may be used for the selection of appropriate materials for a restoration process and to monitor the work of art over time in order to differentiate the changes on the optical properties of the work of art for early detection of processes alteration.

KEY-WORD: imaging spectroscopy, pigments, non-invasive measurements, in situ analysis

 

La simulazione degli eventi dannosi: il caso della prevenzione dagli incendi di Palazzo Reale a Venezia.

Alberto Lionello


The usual forms of prevention are based on past negative events. Recent studies have shown that a more interesting example is the simulations of the evolutionary dynamics of the harmful event in a given system complex. This form of prevention certainly more effective and reduces adequate protection systems to the extent necessary to minimize the impact on cultural property. The paper shows an application in the prevention of fires applied to the Royal Palace in Venice.

KEY-WORD: prevention of fires, simulations, evolutionary dynamics, Palazzo Reale, Venezia.

 

Prevenzione e conservazione in musei e in mostre temporanee.

Riccardo Balzarotti-Kämmlein


An overview on the preventive conservation criteria in terms of museum  microclimates and exhibitions is given; general assumptions are presented with specific experiences and suggestions.

KEY-WORD: conservation, museum microclimates, temporary exhibition, temperature, RU%, light

 

Innovative Methods for the Protection of Cultural Heritage. Application on Cultural and Natural Heritage Site Paths."

Eleni Oikonomopoulou, Anastasia Kioussi, Ekaterini T. Delegou, Elissavet Tsilimantou,Antonia Moropoulou


This study aims at the development of an innovative methodology for the protection of the cultural heritage through management standards and the use of new technologies. The proposed methodology is based on organization, management, processing and analyzing information through a database, in a Geographic Information System environment. To assess the effects of the proposed methodology, it was applied to a path of natural beauty and historical interest. The necessary information was gathered, and according to the specifications of the standard ISO 9001:2000, resulted in the fields of the database. Finally, analysis processes in GIS were used, combined with the requirements of planning, in order to prepare proposals for the protection, management and promotion of the path. These proposals include the creation of protection zones, recreation areas and additional areas of events, the organization of additional alternative tourism activities, projects to improve the surface of the trails, restoration work etc.

KEY-WORD: preservation, cultural heritage, database, Geographic Information System, historic and nature paths, ISO, alternative tourism, sustainability

 

Edificato storico e comunità locali: la partecipazione come strategia di conservazione preventiva.

Anna Teresa Ronchi


The culture of built heritage prevention, theoretically consolidated, experiences some difficulties when transferred to the practice. The major weaknesses arise within built historic systems: if local communities don’t recognize their cultural value, in fact, the effectiveness of the processes of long-term preservation is not guaranteed in any way. The direct involvement of communities in conservation processes, from early stages, can foster learning processes capable of diffusing the disposition to care, and change the social demand on conservation, management and use of built heritage, enabling the dissemination of preventive strategies.

KEY-WORD: participation, cultural values, learning, prevention, local communities, identity

 

Manutenzione programmata  e conservazione preventiva al Sacro Monte di Varallo.

E. De Filippis, A. Perugini, A. Castellano,  M. Santella


The Sacro Monte di Varallo is a monumental place (word heritage Unesco) composed by 45 chapels decorated with frescoes and 3D-sculptures dealing with Christ’s life realised between the 15th and the 19th century. 

The regional authority called Special Nature Reserve of the Sacred Mountain of Varallo, constituted in 1980,  takes care of the management of the restoration of the chapels and gathers and carries on a very careful maintenance experience. Twice a year a qualified craftsman checks and cleans the roofs and gutters and a restorer checks and updates a list of the state of conservation of the chapels and removes the dirt from the surfaces. After a careful study of the effect of humidity the Reserve is carrying out  a plan of preventive work to improve the maintenance of the complex. 

Plan of periodic maintenance and preventive care of the roofs and of the frescoes and statues of 45 chapels.

 

Come strutturare attività  ispettive per il controllo e la prevenzione.

Paolo Gasparoli, Stefania Bossi


The prevention and care activities on Cultural Heritages require an enduring control over their state of conservation in order to prevent the deterioration due to environmental and human causes (pollution) determined by use. Effective methods of control consist on programmed inspections. Inspection activities are characterized by structured controls over historical buildings, such as visual inspections, required to evaluate periodically the state of conservation of buildings or their components, to identify the most evident critical situations, to check the conditions of accessibility and maintenance.

KEY-WORD: preventive conservation, maintenance, visual inspections, restoration.

 

Progetto Guarini. Un sistema di monitoraggio dei lavori di restauro e riabilitazione strutturale della cappella della Sindone di Torino.

Salvatore Esposito


Progetto Guarini is a scientific and technological program aimed at the development of a structural and environmental monitoring system for Guarino Guarini’s Chapel of the Holy Shroud.

Patronized and coordinated by the Regional Management for the Cultural Heritage and Landscape of Piedmont, developed in partnership with Politecnico di Torino, Istituto Superiore Mario Boella and Lachesi, Progetto Guarini is the first example of the integration of mixed diagnostic techniques aimed at the instrumental monitoring of the safety and integrity of an artwork of utter architectural and religious value. Progetto Guarini started in 2007 and its temporal horizon is estimated in 6 years. The purpose of Progetto Guarini is the installation of an integrated diagnostic system aimed at the permanent structural monitoring of the Chapel of the Holy Shroud.

 

Vulnerabilità dei Beni Culturali: sistemi informatici  finalizzati alla conservazione programmata e preventiva di monumenti in marmo.

P. Meloni, G. Vacca,  L. Massidda,G. Carcangiu, PL. Mameli, O. Cocco,G. Toreno


in the recent years the use of informatic tools in dynamic data collection, inter-relation among the different parameters involved has received a very marked thrust, in particular as support in the planning and management of conservative intervention. In the present paper such approach will be discussed in relation to the conservative problems of some marble monuments executed in similar times by the same author, but exposed to different environmental conditions. Such artefacts can represent an effective model in the kynetic study of weathering rate. This study however demonstrated that an effective quantification of the different parameters to insert in the damage functions is quite difficult, because they are frequently influenced by foretic factors that in turn critically depend on particular local environmental conditions.

KEY-WORD: marble decay, cemetery, damage function, durability, GIS

 

Soltanto chi conosce assai tutto il passato di un bene culturale sa prevenirne i difetti di conservazione.

Vincenzo Borasi, Giuliana Massaglia


A correct procedure for the restoration of a monument should:

 1) evaluate if the monument deserves a further period of existence and in the affirmative case of which level of image;

2) (only a very specialist is able to) realize the premonitory signals of the level of the decay of all architectural members (carrying structures, bulkheads, facings of the walls, ornaments, technical plants etc.), list all interventions and their characteristics, calculate the remaining time of functions;

3) decide the hierarchy of restoration interventions (substitutions, maintenances, preventions) and which degrees of decay are to be accepted in the light of the financial resources available (both presently and in the future);

4) plan how to eliminate the agents responsible for the decay occurred (lack of maintenance, improper uses, old materials, detrimental waters etc.) and the costs involved.

KEY-WORD: monuments life; monuments maintenance theory and practice; remaining time of functions; signals of end of life work; prevention in the technical plants. 

 

I «fortilizi inespugnabili della civiltà italiana»: la protezione antiaerea del patrimonio monumentale italiano durante la seconda guerra mondiale.

Carlotta Coccoli


The paper presents a short account of the policy of monuments’ preventive protection, promoted by the Italian government before the Second World War. In fact, since the late twenties, the Italian Ministry of National Education adopted safeguard measures for the protection of monuments in the event of armed conflict through the preparation of a «mobilization plan of  works of art in case of war» by which all movable works of art were transferred to deposits selected for their isolation and distance from military objectives. Immovable works of art and monuments were protected against blast or collapse by elaborate brickwork or timber and sandbag frameworks. In spite of the system could not be employed on a large scale - also due to the lack of funds – and the superintendents had to select  the most important buildings, whereby anyway hundreds of monuments up and down Italy were cased in protective layers of sand-bags, masonry, or ferro-concrete. On balance this programme of preventive protection must be judged a success.

KEY-WORD: Italy, Monuments, Prevention, War Damage, World War II.

 

Pensare la prevenzione: dal progetto di conservazione alla manutenzione programmata. Temi e metodi di approccio alla tutela del costruito, premesse teoriche, operatività e interventi in un cantiere di restauro.

Cesare Crova


This paper analyzes a conservation project of historic architecture. Firstly describing the conservation intervention, it focuses mainly on the development of a monitoring program of preventive conservation, aiming to protect the monument from the risk deriving from alteration and deterioration. The different levels of the risk prevention project are explained step by step: the identification of the places, the appropriate techniques, methods and program of control, specifying the cycle of maintenance and their frequency, and finally optimizing work and costs. In this way it is possible to control the state of preservation of the building, guaranteeing its conservation and implementing the preservation guidelines formulated in the “Plan of programmed maintenance”, an appendix of the conservation project.

KEY-WORD: Coastal tower, Restoration, Fortification, Maintenance, Prevention, Conservation.

 

Gli “efficaci provvedimenti” suggeriti dal cardinale Andrea Ferrari  al venerabile Clero della diocesi milanese e la loro ricezione.

Michela Grisoni


Printed in Milan in 1896, Lettera circolare n° 34 by Andrea Ferrari, discloses the increasing worry of the Milanese’s Catholic Church, about conditions of both its buildings, vestments and vessels. Due to the previous recognition not only of an artistic value but also of an historical one, the document reveals the purpose to preserve them from selling, accommodation and restoration. The establishment of a Commissione Diocesana is the preventive approach suggested: it forestalls subsequent commissions coming up by the side of the estate Uffici Regionali established in 1891. Between the ending nineteen to the incoming twelve century the Lettera and its context point out mutual efforts in Italian State and Catholic Roman Church for the protection of their cultural heritage.

KEY-WORDS: Ferrari card. Andrea, historical buildings protection, milanese’s diocese, inventory, history of preservation

 

La prevenzione del danno stratigrafico nella manutenzione delle strutture archeologiche.

Matteo Scaltritti


Archaeological structures value is, in significant way, up to their stratigraphical complexity. Conservation processes of these items must dialog with historical and archaeological contents through conservation of material integrity and authenticity of the cultural heritage. Programmed maintenance, in conservation field, is considered as a dynamic process alternative to the restoration. To define which interventions can be assumed as  maintenance actions, it is important to evaluate the stratigraphical effects.

If we assume that maintenance activities are distinguished by a repetitive nature and, in this sense, don’t require a design activity time by time, we need to contain their potential effects on the building stratigraphy. Evaluation about impact on the archaeological framework offers a tool to outline the maintenance field on cultural heritage.

KEY-WORD: archaeological heritage restoration, archaeological sites maintenance, architectural conservation, authenticity, buildings stratigraphy, planned conservation, programmed maintenance, stratigraphical approach.

 

La manutenzione programmata come prevenzione nei cantieri delle fortificazioni.

Barbara Vinardi


ABSTRACT: Conservation through the planned maintenance of the urban Piedmont fortifications is testified by documents that record the contracts for maintenance, with assignment to a "master builder" for a period of many consecutive years. The contractor  had to deal with any problem related to the building, taking advantage of a fixed annual money allocation, according to certain estimates. In this way it was possible to plan a maintenance that arranged works to be executed at the proper time, allowing the prevention of degradation. The traditional materials and technologies permitted the continuity of  maintenance operations. Since the XIX.th century, however, those assets have lost their original function and the continuity of techniques and resources for conservation has interrupted. This fact gives them more fragility, exposing them to substantial impairments, so it seems necessary "to prevent" their decay with interventions that would make them someway practicable.

KEY-WORD: planned conservation, fortifications, Piedmont, prevention, planned maintenance

 

Prevenzione e manutenzione nei cantieri della “grandi fabbriche”.

Maria Grazia Vinardi


The programs of maintenance and prevention, provided for the main buildings as the “Residenze Sabaude” at the end of each constructive phase, have allowed the subsistence of palaces and estates. This routine were accustomed for the cathedrals and the ecclesiastic buildings too: not only the parishes, but also the commendams and the brotherhoods had a wise and consolidate rule that was the building control of the buildings and work of art and pieces of furniture. The developments of a careful prevention produced the continuity of parts and workmanships, sometimes with substitutions, and the process has shown itself positive and virtuous, although with purposes mostly turn to the continuity of use, to the decorum, to the dignity of the constructions and to their economic value. The guide lines for the compilation of the technical manual include the building analysis in technological elements, that allows the data registering, and, as in past, proposes a program of preventive actions and of controls.

KEY-WORD: Conservation – Prevention – Mansions - Piedmont

 

Applicazioni della fotogrammetria digitale alla conservazione preventiva dei Beni Culturali. Procedura di intervento.

José A. Madrid García,  Daniel Tejerina Antón


In this paper we aspects related to the documentation of Cultural Heritage and, therefore, intimately related to the concept of prevention, lending attention to the economic viability of this type of projects, specially to the price of the necessary data processing applications to carry out.  A protocol  based on the following aspects is proposed: planning and resource management, acquisition of data, and organization of the information in databases. 

KEY-WORD: cultural heritage, prevention, documentation, low-cost technologies, digital photogrammetry, databases.

 

Monitoraggio microclimatico e termoigrometrico per la conservazione dei beni monumentali in ambiente esterno: il caso-studio della Deèsis di Castelvetere (RC).

R.Banchini, A. Bianco, E. Di Fede, E. Uccellini


The writing highlights the preliminary results of a microclimatic and thermohygrometric researches, realized on the remains of a monumental building, placed in an open environment, the church of San Zaccaria in Caulonia (RC-Italy) characterized by the presence on its apse of the “Deèsis”, a fresco depicting an enthroned Christ indicated by the rare epithet "o philanthropos", the Virgin and St. John “o prodromo”. The composition is a remarkable testimony of Byzantine tradition and it is traceable to the thirteenth century. The exposure conditions of the fresco to agents of environmental degradation, including direct sunlight and an unceasing climatic action, have made necessary and urgent to design an anti UV roof-covering and opened from all sides, well ventilated and realized with steel and glass, that, it is supposed, will change the local microclimatic conditions in a slow way.

Aim of this research is to know, in quantitative and parametric terms, these variations and to understand whether they may in time leat to real factor of environmental risk (UNI 10829: 99).

Key-work microclimatic-thermohygrometric investigations, environmental risk factors, fresco, Deèsis, Caulonia

 

Stesura di protocolli per la conservazione del patrimonio degli impiantiti pavimentali sette-ottocenteschi in riggiole petenate e spetenate.

Saverio Carillo, Pasquale Petillo


This study discusses a particular case of building production Neapolitan typically represented by paving portions riggiole with drawings and sometimes partially decorated with majolica.

The unique surface treatment of clay requires special security mode that, previously, not only to preserve them over time but must also make sense, in a timely manner all the design values.

KEY-WORD: Riggiola, flooring, decoration

 

L’intervento di restauro e la compatibilità dei materiali nell’ottica della conservazione preventiva:  il caso delle pitture murali di Casa Vasari a Firenze.

V. Magnani, V. Ferrazza, L. Rosi, M. Picollo, G.Botticelli, G. Germani, L. Dei


The present study was carried out during the restoration of the wall paintings of Casa Vasari in Florence, in order to define preventive methodologies and to select the most compatible intervention materials, essential to mitigate future deterioration processes. This contribution reports the results achieved in the study of original and superimposed layers of the frescoes, carried out both with non-invasive techniques (FORS) and on microsamples (FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDX analysis). The study focused as well on water capillary absorption, useful to comprehend how the wall transpiration reacts to the consolidation treatment.

KEYWORDS: FORS, frescoes, organic binders, water capillary absorption, barium hydroxide consolidation.

 

La vulnerabilità dei serramenti in alluminio. Prevenire la corrosione di un materiale “inossidabile”.

Ornella Fiandaca, Raffaella Lione


Beautiful, strong and light.

This is the advertisement to promote aluminium, along with manufacturing versatility and external agents resistance. The publicized advantages, in conformity with the features of the material, put it in competition with other metals used for building industry products, such as sheets and sections. The steel is its direct competitor: since the ’70s, the first comparisons concerned fastenings. The reason of this preference is the declared “stainless”. After few years of diffused application, the remark of pathologies and corrosion damages surprised designers and entrepreneurs.

Drawing from a sampling of real cases and by the technical support of producers and fasteners, after a detailed study on damages reasons and deterioration mechanisms, paying attention to the recurrence of corrosion, this study aims to provide some suggestions for phenomena prevention, proposing, in particular, planning directions.

KEY-WORDS: Aluminium, fastenings, corrosions, design

 

Gli elementi metallici nel restauro dei monumenti. Azioni preventive per la loro conservazione.

A.Luigi Pisciotta


ABSTRACT: Metallic elements used in ancient times for the restoration of monuments represent the symbol of a practice of conservation that respects the autenticity of ancient material. The natural metals tendency to degradation lead to look for specific protection systems. These ones represent, together with a maintenance program created in order to maintain in efficiency protective systems, the instruments of prevention. Villa del Casale in Piazza Armerina becomes the start point for a few reflections upon the possibility of conserving historical iron structures used in past restorations.

KEY-WORD: conservation, restoration, prevention, maintenance, protection, metals, degradation

 

Conoscere per prevenire. La catalogazione dei beni architettonici, confronto tra alcune esperienze italiane ed europee.

Cristian Prati


In recent years the debate on the protection of cultural heritage is often related to the themes of the “Carta del Rischio” and planned maintenance. Prerequisite to this ambitious project of prevention is knowledge of built heritage, that could be realized with its cataloguing.

KEY-WORD: catalogue, built heritage, architectural surveys, inventories, cultural heritage, database

 

L’ispezione del patrimonio storico-architettonico: strumento operativo dell’impresa per la diffusione della cultura della prevenzione.

Stefania Bossi


In a planned conservation strategy to built cultural heritage it's correct to define the inspection activities as a first kind of prevention: in fact the inspection is useful not only to preserve the materials to the damage, but also to disseminate a preventive approach.

In this way, the paper investigates the role of the restoration companies in order to undertake this innovation. For the enterprises, offering inspection or planned conservation services, it means to develop many aspects related to the kind of goods, clients, size of service and also organization and training. This work would underline - through some case studies - the externalities of these scenarios in the economical and social context.

KEY-WORD: preventive conservation, planned conservation, inspection activities, capability, restoration companies

 

Manutenzione e prevenzione delL'edificato storico in Inghilterra  nell’ultimo ventennio: principi, strategie e protocolli d’intervento.

M. D’Aprile, C. L. Peluso


The paper aims to define the principles, dynamics and polices informing the maintenance planning process for listed buildings in England. Planning polices, institutional approaches and practices have been deepened to understand the operational and management aspects related to the maintenance of historic buildings. The study of some research programmes, in particular the Maintain our Heritage programme, has provided an update of the recent theoretical and practical references with regard to planned maintenance system. These researches tackle some critical issues related to the preventive maintenance of the historic built environment, including the cost-effectiveness of using this proactive approach.

KEY-WORD: preservation, condition survey, proactive maintenance, corrective and preventive maintenance, Conservation Management Planning, Quinquennal Reports

 

La prevenzione come processo: conoscenza, diagnosi, strumenti del progetto e attività preventive.

Marco Leoni


This paper assumes the prevention as a process and investigates the relationship between the knowledge of a building condition and evolution through time and the project tools to define and support preventive activities. The goal is use all the data about the building, collected and organized in an information system, to set a tool that shows not only the current conservation conditions but looks at the relationships between the elements and the context to identify the zones that could be affected in future. This operation, that can be realized using graphic or photographic representation, could improve owners involvement and guide preventive activities.

KEY-WORD

Prevention, Planned conservation, Project tools, Risk-zone identification

 

Conoscenza “affidabile” per una corretta prevenzione governare il processo di prevenzione attraverso la strutturazione di processi decisionali pre-progetto: il documento preliminare alla progettazione.

Chiara Livraghi, Fabiana Pianezze


The paper will approach the issue of Preliminary Document (DPP) as a dynamic tool for steering the project; the purpose is to build a framework of "reliable” knowledge for activities of prevention. Using the DPP not as a static tool but as a dynamic tool means to implement an innovative process that gives importance to knowledge and address the project to advance preventive conservation goals. If prevention activities are aimed at limiting the risk of conditions related to Cultural Heritage, the DPP is a programmatic document for risk management.

KEY-WORD: brief, prevention, conservation, analytic activities, risk, reliability

 

Il “fascicolo del monumento” come efficace strumento di prevenzione e cura programmata del patrimonio architettonico.

Franco Tomaselli


The study introduces a search developed in 2008-2009 to set a protocol of study of the monuments to facilitate the action of prevention of the architectural patrimony. The software allows to perform a punctual control of the state of health of the monuments and to act in case of necessity at the right moment.  The wise man develops him with an introduction on the condition of the restoration in our time pointing out some distorted aspects in the consideration of the guardianship of the cultural patrimony.  The second part is devoted to the brief history of the architectural prevention up to the 1964 Venice Paper. The third part introduces to the actuality of the prevention and the last one he/she explains the operation of the of the program "Issue of the monument."

KEY-WORD: prevention, restoration, conservation, authenticity, responsibility.

 

La ristorazione nelle serre e nei manufatti agricoli delle ville storiche, rischi e opportunità: il caso di Villa Doria Pamphilj a Roma, dal caffè nel fienile al bando per i punti ristoro.

Carla Benocci


The question about restaurants, literary coffees and others usages in the historical roman “villas” is discussed from long time: often a restaurant in an historical building means substantial changes, without hope of correct maintenance of the same building and of the context. At Villa Doria Pamphilj there is a recent experience of bar in an ancient simple “fienile”, which offers pic-nic and other kinds of meats without any problems for the building and for the near gardens. The hope is an adequate similar use of the monumental “serre” of the XIXth century in the same “villa”, which could bear literary use and an innovative  kind of restaurant.

Villa Doria Pamphilj, Serre, Fienile, literary coffees, restaurant

 

Prevenzione e programma di manutenzione del sito archeologico di terme Vigliatore. Conoscenza e strategie operative.

Maria Luisa Ferrara, Nicoletta La Rosa


The test develops the theme of prevention from degradation and maintenance archaeological area of the Roman Villa of Terme Vigliatore, situated in the territory of Messina and protected under cover designed by Franco Minissi. The cover, similar to that achieved by Minissi for the Villa Romana del Casale of Piazza Armerina, ensured the conservation of an archaeological site that has a considerable scientific interest in the studies concerning the mosaics of the period late ancient in Sicily and the Mediterranean. However, the archaeological site of Terme Vigliatore pays, today, in a state of insecurity restorative, invaded by the vegetation that grows uncontrolled, and by an absence of maintenance, too long of the archaeological evidence and of the system of coverage.

KEY-WORD: cover protective, archaeological area, mosaic, Roman Villa, Franco Minissi

 

Linee guida per la conservazione programmata delle facciate decorate della citta’ di Massa - un caso-studio per la diffusione della cultura della prevenzione.

Stefano Aiello


ABSTRACT: In the historic centre of Massa there are clear and half hidden signs of  its culture and Arts in XVI century: ornamented façades, graffitos and frescos which appear on the surfaces of recent plasters. In the past years that imporant heritage has been disregarded or treated not properly, so it is necessary for operators to plan interventions to preserve those important art signs and to prevent them from deterioration. This study outlined the “guide lines” and  “preservation plans” in order to preserve that fragile heritage; it presents an example of prevention of an ornamented façade of an old building in the city.

KEY-WORD: Massa, painted façades, conservation, preservation, prevention

 

Il degrado dovuto all’azione di agenti biodeteriogeni: verifiche e riscontri sull’efficacia di prodotti studiati per la prevenzione e la manutenzione di manufatti esposti all’esterno.

Mirella Baldan, Leonardo Borgioli


Biocides used in architectonic conservation are washed away with ease from rain, or they degrade, leaving the surface without protection. In 1994 was developed a mixture of ethyl silicate and biocides, which at the end of the reaction remained “trapped” in the silica matrix, blocking their washing away and performing their protective action in time. The product has been used for the protection of numerous monuments (different types of stone, bricks and mortars), and in this paper the results of monitoring of protection in time has been reported.  Results show a surprising protective efficiency even in situations of high humidity and external microbiologic pressure, which allows to notably reduce maintenance interventions.

KEY-WORD: protection, ethyl silicate, Bio Estel, biocide

 

La prevenzione nei parchi urbani: criteri e strumenti per gli interventi tecnici.

Mariangela Bellomo


Green areas, urban parks and gardens play a meaningful role as small but important natural spots in the dense building system of cities, for their ability to provide perceptive and environmental wellbeing.

Naples University Department of Urban Design, on the base of an agreement with Naples Town Administration, ran a research on sustainable technological processes for rehabilitation and building of urban green areas and parks, in order to provide knowledge and support tools for woks on urban green spaces. The research developed guidelines to promote technical solutions in order to prevent errors in design and construction, to reduce environmental costs, to encourage the use of local materials. 

KEY-WORD Sustainable technological process,  parks, gardens.

 

analisi del biodeterioramento nella conservazione del museo casa Erbo Stenzel.

Janice Bernardo da Silva  Rodrigo Giovanella,  Márcio Pereira da Rocha  


Wooden patrimony are constantly exposed, especially the historical architecture which suffers the action of external agents of deterioration. The intensity of damage can be generated from combining of several agents, physical, chimical, mechanical, biological; intensified to the tropical Brazilian climate. The non-destructive technique has been applied in the museum called « Museu-Casa Erbo Stezel» by visual inspection. The wooden house belonged to the artist Erbo Stenzel, was transferred to São Lourenço Park and transformed into a museum of his works. The analysis xylophagous degradation was proposed checking active and inactive attacks. In order to verify the result the extent of degradation and establish a diagnosis for prevention and conservation of the historic heritage.

KEY-WORD: Visual Analysis, xylophagous degradation, Wooden Patrimony.

 

I luoghi dell’Archivio dell’Ospedale Maggiore di Milano e la Chiesa dell’Annunciata .  L’uso plurisecolare e le urgenze di oggi.

P. M. Galimberti,  M. Carlessi,  A. Kluzer, L.Jurina


The essay concerns the researches made to improve the knowledge about the XVIIth century buildings where today is sited the historical Archive of the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan, best known as “la Ca’ Granda”, and built on Francesco Maria Richini’s project. These studies and analyses, urgently started in 2002 - and on which we are still working -, are chiefly focused on the evaluation of structural and pollution risk conditions in these ancient and valuable places, in order to allow the prosecution of their usage, the necessary preventive practice and the conservation, both of the building and of the inestimable cultural and artistic heritage of a such an important Foundation.

KEY-WORD: Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore, historical Archive, war damages, structural diagnosis, aerobiological pollution, ancient wood libraries, preservation of historical documents.

 

Una casa in Magna Graecia. Interventi di restauro e proposte per la realizzazione di una copertura nel Parco archeologico dell’antica Kaulonia (Monasterace M.-RC).

Maria Teresa Iannelli, Francesco Antonio Cuteri


The archaeological sites recently investigated in the city of  Kaulonia are, almost exclusively, located on the sea front. In one of these sites, close to casa matta, we escavated from 1990 to 2009 an ellenistic building. This building has a length from north to south of about 31 m, that is almost the double of  the extension of  the more common houses of the city. The original settlement (second half of fourth century  B.C.) was made up of several rooms with different sizes and functions. Some public room were particularly refined with red painted walls and arcs. From the late IV-III century the house  underwent structural and functional changes. Firstly it was transformed in a thermal buiding and eventually it became a sacred place. Closeness to the sea, exposure to strong winds and rain make difficult the preservation of this building. In the article we also present  a restoration plan which  implies the reconstruction of the of the roof  employing  ancient greek imbrices and tegulae found in the excavations of the building.

KEY-WORD: Monasterace, Magna Graecia, casa ellenistica, edificio termale, intonaci dipinti, muri in terra, embrici greci, vasche da bagno, conservazione resti archeologici.

 

Strutture protettive in archeologia: nuove architetture preventive.

Anelinda Di Muzio


Archaeological excavation is extremely traumatic for materials and objects brought to light because they suddenly change the microclimatic conditions which preserved them for a long time underground. The first intervention consists of placing temporary shelters on archaeological finds as a preventive measure in order to reduce deterioration caused by mechanical and physical action of atmospheric agents; it let to limit restoration of ancient materials. So planning a temporary or permanent archaeological shelter is deeply connected with preventive measures; in fact, especially for permanent archaeological shelters, preventive designing choices are connected with microclimate (which must be stable and controlled), structure (which must be independent from ancient materials) and fruition respecting archaeological finds.

KEY-WORD:  Shelters on archaeological finds, microclimate, structure, fruition.

 

Prevenzione nel Restauro. Progetto per il monumento Sufico M.H. Kashi.

Hossein Fallahdar


n.d.

 

 

Il museo del paesaggio nel palazzo Viani Dugnani a Pallanza. Controllo microclimatico per la conservazione delle collezioni e dell'edificio.

Daniele Fraternali, Alberto Grimoldi, Carlo Manfredi


Palazzo Viani Dugnani in Pallanza is a patrician XVIIIth century building. Owned by the Municipality since the end of the XIX Century, it has been housing the Museum of Landscape for one hundred years. The Museum should be opened during the winter but the matter was to supply sufficient comfort for human well-being, as well as preserve collections and artworks, avoiding damages caused by changes in indoor climate. A wall-tempering system – that is not properly an heating system – was chosen for the following reasons: it can stop rising dump, moisture condensation, and damaging effects caused by thermal stress due to temperature difference between indoor environment and wall surface. Furthermore, monitoring the indoor climate is the best way to control and run the system, in order to set up the building maintenance.

KEY-WORD: Temperierung, tempering, monitoring, cultural heritage, preservation, microclimate survey

 

Protocolli conservativi nell’integrazione delle lacune murarie di ponte  Nugent a Capua.

Manlio Montuori


This study proposes a multidisciplinary framework  for optimizing the timing and the type of maintenance, based on a methodology developed to update lifetime inspection and repair of brick structures involving a decision tree analysis. Architectural heritage and civil engineering structures are designed to serve public instances, performing safely for decades. In spite of that, no matter how well they are designed, all these structures are going to deteriorate over time. Thus, maintenance strategies should promote solutions that are directed towards preservation and conservation by relying on the existing structural capacity and give preference to stabilization rather than substitution or replacement. In this context, the paper has been proactive in identifying the significance of brick-masonry arch bridges; hence, once the cultural impact has been determined, the next logical step in dealing with these historic structures was to develop a treatment/management plan. The methodology is illustrated by the first results of the project entitled “Improving assessment of Nugent bridge in Capua”, organized by the author, to develop and provide tools that help optimising the life-cycle management of brick-masonry arch bridges, preserving both the physical structure and the historic authenticity, while promoting an effective exchange of good practice between the railway administrations.

KEY-WORD: anti-fungal mortar; brick-masonry arch bridges; inhibition of spore germination; optimum maintenance strategy

 

Prospettive di ricerca - riscontro su casi significativi.

Cristina Pastor


n.d.

 

Interventi di “conservazione” come “manutenzione” e “prevenzione”: un caso di lavoro in Lomellina.

M. Raffaeli, F. Trevisan, E. Airoldi, K. Colombo, L. Zappettini, N. Ghiaroni, M. Baldan, G. Castiglioni, L. Jurina


preservation and conservation of worship Buildings in Lomellina (PV) were mostly subjected to late and invasive works, which were characterized by their ineffectiveness or by the inadequacy of the techniques used. This essay wants to show the relation between prevention and conservation taken into examination in a recent case: this hit the mark of buildings’ conservation and valorisation thanks to a hard work of census and prior monitoring on the preservation status and thanks to the attentive planning of series of little maintenances, precise stabilisation and protection.

KEY-WORD: prevention maintenance conservation monitoring mapping diagnostics Lomellina, Pieve del Cairo.

 

La prevenzione del degrado in aree archeologiche: piani di manutenzione, coperture e monitoraggio.  Il caso di studio di Su Monte a Sorradile (OR).

Elisabetta Rosina, Elena Romoli


Planned conservation of an archaeological area includes the inspection, the periodical control and maintenance of findings, and the management of the risk factors for the conservation. These risk factors are in the natural environment and their effects are due to the excavation of findings and their display in the open air. Main damages depend on the  interaction of different phenomena as humidity, sun irradiation, pollution, biological attack, and especially the continuative variations of these factors affecting the exposed findings.

The study case shows the monitoring protocol to achieve the knowledge of the thermal-hygrometric behaviour of the ruins in the environment and to study the affection of the provisional shelter on the findings microclimate. From the results analysis, the authors line out the parameters for designing a definitive shelter and the monitoring protocol, with the aim to optimize the effectiveness of the periodical inspection and control set in the conservation plan and to prevent further damages.

KEY-WORDS: archaeological areas, shelter, IRT, monitoring, planned conservation, maintenance, restoration, trachyte, nuraghe, Sardinia

 

La Prevenzione del danno e prestazioni dei trattamenti conservativi: metodi diagnostici innovativi per applicazioni in situ.

E. Rosina, N. Ludwig, A. Sansonetti, F. Gerenzani, V.Pracchi, M. Gargano


Recent applications of IR Thermography (IRT) effectively contributed to evaluate in the  field the thermal hygrometrical exchanges between stone surface and the environment, by localizing the diffusion of water inside the porous system of the surface external layer. The study takes into account via IRT the evolution of liquid water application onto stone surface by means of the spilling drop and moisture ring methods. The authors experimented the procedures on 30 specimens of Noto calcarenite, Dorata sandstone, Macedonia marble before and after the application of water-repellent protective products (Paraloid B72,  Silirain 50). These investigations have suitable applications during the whole knowledge and decision making processes, from the characterization of the materials and the damage assessment, to the evaluation of the applied restoration products and to prevent the damage and to plan the proper maintenance.

Keywords: IRT, spilling drop, moisture ring, stones, protective products, capillary absorption, evaporative flux, contact sponge

 

Coperture temporanee di siti archeologici: delta lite un materiale innovativo.

Patrizia Schievano, Alessandro Lugari


The participation presents a new temporary protecting covering system essential for maintenance. A new material, Delta Lite, has been tested on the marble floor made by opus sectile of Templum Pacis in Roman Fori. It has proven very successuful in protecting the area under restoration even when the work is still in progress and undergoes frequent stops.

KEY-WORD: conservation, restoration, floor, temporary protecting covering, traspiring material.

 

Applicazioni conoscitive e interventi per la prevenzione nel caso degli oratori  campestri dell’A.S.P. “Golgi-Redaelli” di Milano.

M. Bascapè,  R. Madoi,  M. Carlessi,  A. Kluzer, M. Valentini


ABSTRACT: The essay deals with the studies and analysis on six small countryside churches built between the XVIth and the XVIIIth century in the plain south of Milan. They are part of a rich cultural heritage which requires a great effort for its conservation, beginning with its most simple practice: prevention. In 2002 a first report was set: water, in all its forms, was recognized as the main decay factor, and so a specific monitoring method was scheduled for all the churches. Planned Conservation was also applied on them. Then, a conservation site was set in the church of Cantalupo, there the technical project choices and materials were tested during and after the works. Today, periodical surveys make it possible to esteem how the churches conditions evolve.

KEY WORD: countryside Churches, Milan, report, diagnosis, monitoring, rising moisture, moisture-laden air, planned conservation 

 

La manutenzione preventiva programmata nel parco archeologico dell’Appia Antica: imperativo tecnico ed economico della conservazione.

Maria Grazia Filetici,  Benedetta Alberti


The Appian Way Archaeological Park consists of a variety of monuments in a  landscape that has been continuously settled from Roman times until today. In 2000, the Archaeological Superintendency of Rome adopted a programme for the maintenance of the sepulchral monuments along this ancient road. The aims of the programme are: protection and long - term preservation of these monuments through regular maintenance activities; technical documentation of their general state of preservation by mapping the extent and nature of decay; proposal of a plan for conservation or, where needed, emergency intervention; analysis of the causes of any dampness encountered in the buildings; improvement of methods for the protection of masonry, mortar and plaster from humidity; understanding general structural problems;  promotion of educational access and research opportunities to enhance the state of knowledge about the monuments of the Appian Way. The main objective is the creation of a long-term plan for the comprehensive management of the entire landscape in order to protect it against dangers such as earthquakes, decay, looting and vandalism. 

KEY-WORD: programmed maintenance; preservation; safeguard; conservation

 

La protezione antiaerea del patrimonio monumentale italiano durante la seconda guerra mondiale: l’UNPA.   La formazione dei volontari, le tecniche operative messe in atto.

 Barbara Scala


This intervention will illustrate the work of UNPA, a body that actively acted not only in protecting and preparing the civilian population to the war but had a major role in protecting ordinary buildings and monumental. The voluntary activities of members ensured disease activity undertaken in the various fields. The volunteers selected but was formed through the technical courses and usually directed towards building activities. Among the operations which were called operators UNPA there was action in first aid staff dedicated to the protection of monuments according to a ministerial path provides the preparation of an overall but specific to each monument identified by the Ministry of .

KEY-WORD: Air defense, First Response, World War II, Blackout  Masking

 

La “cura” degli edifici ecclesiastici nella diocesi di Milano: da Carlo Borromeo a Ildefonso Schuster.

Laura Lazzaroni


This paper summarizes how the Diocese of Milan tackled the church property prevention and maintenance problem during last centuries. Thanks to the Diocese of Milan extension of the territory, its autonomy and its normative power this paper presents an interesting case study that can give a cue even for today’s prevention, focusing on saint Carlo’s texts.

In the second half of the sixteenth Carlo Borromeo introduced a new best practice in keeping church estate in good condition, providing a useful guideline for his successors. He codified the principles his modus operandi was based on, underlining with pastoral visits the importance of continuous territorial control in order to take the right countermeasures against buildings decay. Cardinal Ferrari and Cardinal Schuster recently took up again Carlo’s tradition and planned frequent pastoral visits on Church’s lands. This attitude from a central authority is probably the key to goods maintenance: you should know perfectly what you own and its conditions to avoid its decay.

KEY-WORDS: Carlo Borromeo, Federico Borromeo, Diocese of Milan, pastoral visit, “Regulae de nitore”, Ildefonso Schuster

 

La prevenzione del degrado a Venezia nel XIX-XX secolo: studio delle superfici di Ca’ Rezzonico.

M. Sgobbi, E. Zendri, M.Melchiorre Di Crescenzo, F.C. Izzo, G. Biscontin, F. Pedrocco


The will of preserving something is one of the oldest desire of men. But even the strongest, as for example, stones were not eternal, so they become to prevent decay. The materials used were different, in few cases they are described, but from scholars and not from workers. The distance of scholars and real applications led to think that, perhaps, they did not know exactly the nature of materials used. This consideration is referred not only to ancient, but also to the XIX and XX century, when the debate on materials to fight the decay was very high, but made up by scholars, frequently far from the site of application. The aim of this study is to compare the information coming from the patents and from the literature, about maintenance treatments of the stone surface, and the traces of these interventions on Ca’ Rezzonico in Venice.

Key-words: Venice, Boni, silicates, cultural heritage maintenance, Ca’Rezzonico

 

Sistema antigraffiti per superfici architettoniche.

G. Biscontin,  G. Driussi, M. Mazzari, Z. Morabito, R. Nicoletti, M. Tonon


The cultural heritage surfaces covered by vandalic graffiti (tags, symbols, drawings) seems to be more and more commons. In order to defend the stone surfaces it’s possible recurring to an antigraffiti coating. This study shows the results of a specific product, regarding an effective and respectful antigraffiti coat, by laboratory test to the application on-site, finally to some prestigious restoration work as the columns in the S. Marco square in Venice.

KEY-WORD: antigraffiti coating, architectural surfaces, laboratory tests, application

 

Il concetto di prevenzione e la tutela del paesaggio.

F. Putignano, V. Pracchi, S. Della Torre


ABSTRACT: When dealing of landscape, prevention cannot mean a set of indirect actions, nevertheless it is productive thinking of new proactive strategy as a way to face problems affecting landscape preservation since its origin. The use of complex systems paradigms is here suggested as a tool to understand that prevention can happen only through change of behaviors: Florence Convention and Faro Convention entail that the pre-condition of landscape preservation is the life of territories.

KEY-WORD: Landscape, European Landscape Convention, Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (Faro), Systemics, Preservation, Implicit Project

 

I dipinti murali della Casa del Bicentenario a Ercolano: degrado e prevenzione.

F. Piqué, G. Chiari, M.P. Colombini, G. Torraca


ABSTRACT: The paintings in the Tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary were well preserved when excavated in 1938 but underwent a progressive decay and the present condition suggests that more deterioration is to be expected. The study by the Herculaneum Conservation Project shows that the most important parts of the decoration were painted over a white layer whose main components are aragonite, gypsum, calcite, and dolomite; this is the layer that fails causing extensive losses of the paintings. Organic materials (waxes, proteins and sugars) were also detected in the top layers. As the multilayer structure is sensitive to changes of relative humidity and temperature, some climatic control is essential for future conservation. This paper discusses the findings and the methods to control relative humidity mainly by passive means.

KEY-WORD: Wall paintings, Herculaneum, Deterioration, Painting Technique, Environmental Control, Passive Climatization.

 

Pratiche storiche di prevenzione nell’arena di Verona.   Il caso del restauro temporario della Cavea di  Alessandro Perez(1879-1882).

Giovanni Castiglioni, Marco Cofani


This paper focuses on the work of prevention conducted by engineer Alessandro Perez in the cavea of the Verona Amphitheatre, between 1879 and 1882. The question about the cavea is the question about water and about all the problems connected to the presence of water inside an ancient building.

The cavea, with its funnel structure, can be assumed to be the roof of the Amphitheatre. In fact, the external surface receives the rain and drains the water out of the monument to keep dry the internal spaces and the masonry structures.

The paper have a conservative purpose, which consists in providing information from the historical restoration works and suggesting practically methods useful to the maintenance of the cavea.

KEY-WORDS: Amphitheatre – Verona – Alessandro Perez – historical restoration – water infiltration – waterproofing techniques.

 

Tra non luogo e semaforo, appunti per un’idea di prevenzione.

S. A. Alberti


Il concetto di prevenzione nell'ambito della più complessiva attività di conservazione viene collegato, nel codice dei beni culturali, all'ambiente circostante in cui è immerso il bene da tutelare. Il lavoro, attraverso alcuni esempi,intende circoscrive il ruolo della prevenzione isolandolo dalla attività di manutenzione e accentuando il ruolo che l'attività di tutela può svolgere come prevenzione da rischi futuri e come l'attivita progettuale costituisca un primo momento di azione e valutazione preventiva dei rischi a cui può essere esposto il bene da tutelare nel corso di un ipotetico intervento di restauro o di "valorizzazione".

KEY-WORDS:prevenzione,progetto,previsione, profilassi,utopia, tutela, paesaggio.