Conservazione e manutenzione strutturale dell’architettura del novecento.
There is clearly a fundamental difference between the historical building heritage and modern buildings, where the overall structure has an autonomous role, designed on the basis of precise mathematical models and made out of industrial materials.Furthermore, these mathematical models and in particular the technological innovations evolve rapidly, giving rise to new criteria both for calculations and for technical applications connected with advances in materials engineering. Then over recent decades much greater attention has been paid to safety in general and structural soundness in particular, with reference to seismic vulnerability.This research project sets out to analyse this last aspect, showing the need for a historical approach to the norms. It emerges that the criterion of structural improvement must be adopted, suitably revised to meet the requisites of modern architecture. Since it is rarely possible to go back to the original designs of modern buildings, guidelines are needed for their structural conservation. In this respect we shall show the importance of the so-called finishings in reducing seismic vulnerability in the overall structure. We also present a series of tests which, without causing any significant damage to the building, will enable analysts to make sufficiently reliable pronouncements on the safety of the structure 1
Andrea Canziani, Stefano Della Torre, Valentina Minosi
L'introduzione dei nuovi materiali e i problemi della manutenibilità e della manutenzione.
This paper aims to point out an important feature of technological research in XXth Century, both in building and in restoration, i.e. how much the introduction of new materials and techniques led to abandon of maintenance and preventative practices. Some sentences found in a popular handbook like Griffini’s Costruzione razionale della casa, as well as some major debate about new materials in restoration, will be discussed. The authors’ thesis is that the abandon of maintenance can be linked to a desire of “durability without care”, meaning, in the field of restoration and conservation, a project of enforcing ancient things instead of understanding their modes of compatibility with environment and use 9
Conservare il novecento. Note sull’evoluzione del dibattito disciplinare.
In the history of restoration, the extension of interest to the architecture of XX century is a recent acquired concept and its evolution is strictly related with the concept of history and of material culture also related with the formal appearance and the building tecnique of the architecture. This critical essay deals with this headway, focalizing its main connections 17
Danilo Biondelli, Roberto Bugini, Luisa Folli, Valeria
Saltari
I materiali lapidei nell’architettura del Novecento a Milano.
Danilo Biondelli, Roberto Bugini, Luisa Folli, Valeria
Saltari
I materiali lapidei nell’architettura del Novecento a Milano
2. Un architetto “prolifico”: Piero Portaluppi.
The
Danilo Biondelli, Roberto Bugini, Luisa Folli, Valeria
Saltari
I materiali lapidei nell’architettura del Novecento a Milano
3. La seconda metà del secolo.
The reconstruction after the
WW2 give a strong boost to the
Danilo Biondelli, Roberto Bugini, Luisa Folli, Valeria Saltari
I materiali lapidei nell’architettura del Novecento a Milano.
4. Catalogazione dei fenomeni di degrado e di alterazione.
Natural stones and cast stones used in
La pellicola dell’analogia. Immagine e restauro nella conservazione dell’architettura moderna.
This contribution is meant to open a debate about the influence of the photographic image in modern architecture conservation practices. The twentieth century architecture is closely linked with the ideas of authenticity and perception, image and matter. Both our appreciation and ideals are fed by early images of the modern buildings that played an influent role also in writing the history of architecture. These icons of that “modern monuments” exert a large influence on restorations and reconstructions; they act as our primary source of reference to estimate the quality of the modernist buildings. It seems to be taken for granted that the image is the only reference. The twentieth century architecture seems to be affected by a Dorian Gray syndrome, where two-dimensional images dominate over the three-dimensional shapes and erase the dimension of time and material authenticity. Analysing the relationships of our society with images and the different authenticities of the modern architecture, this paper aims to identify the processes of definition of a new “iconic authenticity 67
Materiali costitutivi e vecchi interventi: problematiche tecniche e di scelta nel restauro di un dipinto murale gia' strappato di oltre sei metri per sei - Renato Guttuso - 1946 - "Boogie Woogie" cm 622x638
This contribute aims to illustrate a particular intervention we have done in 2001 on a very large wall painting (oil on wall) made by Renato Guttuso between 1945 and 1946, for the Olivetti’s show-room in Rome. During the sixties, this art work was stripped from the wall by “strappo”, transferred on canvas, separated in four pieces and widely repainted; then, in 1987, it was restored again because it was very damaged. In 2001 we found it in a very bad condition so we tried to resolve all the different problems we meet, caused from the restoration materials, particularly from the reactions of the glue used for the “strappo” leaved on the surface and lying under the repainted of the old restorations 77
Antonella Postorino, Maria Gulli,.Letterio
Mavilia, Laura Messina
L’edilizia residenziale popolare a Reggio Calabria tra il 1920 e il 1950.
The architecture of the first half of the ‘900,
characterizing the building patrimony of Reggio Calabria, fruit of the
reconstruction happened after the 1908 earthquake that devastated the whole
city, gives us strong and precise eclectic and floral style architectural
connotations. Focusing the attention on the typical typologies of the public
residential house-building we analyze the constructive technical, the materials
envoys in work, the state of maintenance, the pathologies of degrade, the
processes of alteration, comparing partly the costs of realization and those
some necessary maintenance interventions, to verify the reliability and the
durability of the constructions, on meaningful examples, for a champion-project
methodologically extensible to the whole fabric. 87
I materiali costitutivi degli edifici del Bauhaus
a Dessau tra tradizione e innovazione. sviluppo di un metodo di restauro conservativo
(1998-2004).
Since the sensational rediscovery of colour
systems in German architecture of the modern movement in the seventies
conservation scientists, restorers, architects, historians and many other
disciplines are occupied to study the structural and material qualities of the
Modern Movement. As already various theoretical - often opposite - approaches
do exist in “traditional” practice of monumental care, it must not surprise
that also towards modern monuments an agree in
treating them must be elaborated step by step. A categorical imperative is for
sure the statement “treat them as any other monument”. In this way the old
confrontation between “conservation versus reconstruction” is reopened, as the
history of conservation and restoration of the Bauhaus buildings in
Restaurare il moderno: una contraddizione in termini?
Restoration, even with all the differencies deriving from a long debate, is a term that immediately remind the idea of something ancient or simply old. But these words, with the related concepts, are not consolidated and fixed. They change long the time passing and characterize every cultural period and its relationship with the previous ages. The definitions of these terms outline a sort of “project of the past” that seems to be a product of the present time, of every “present time”, more than an historic data definetely aquired. Any interrogation about the restoration of “modern architectures” is, therefore, signed by numerous questions about our relationships with the products of the work of other men and other generations before us, also reconsidering our true or presuntive certainties about the modes of intervention on ancient buildings. The paper tries to point out some of the questions of the contemporary cultural, disciplinary and technical debate about the restoration of the “modern”, considering the always existing dialogical couple of terms: restoration/history, restoration/project and restoration/science and technique 119
Manufatti dell’architettura del novecento. Aspetti tecnico-interpretativi e problematiche d’intervento.
The Twenty has been the century of the technology in any field of science. Particulary in architecture new materials and new constructive techniques like glass, steel, concrete etc. were adopted. The whole Modern Movement architecture was built with these new experimental technologies so, today, in the complex restoration field, many techniques problems about this architecture need to be solved. This paper focus the attention on some specific restoration problems of the Modern Movement Architecture, also with support of cases of study 125
Luciano Marchetti, Alessandro Ferretti, Maria Piccareta
Le architetture di Mario Ridolfi in Umbria: un tentativo di superare i limiti della norma per garantire la tutela dell’architettura contemporanea.
The purpose of the following article is to
illustrate the activity of Soprintendenza Regionale per li
Martina Bonora, Mila Dallavalle, Elena Melloni, Paola
Rossi
TRESIGALLO (FE). Schedatura e catalogazione come strumenti di conoscenza per la redazione di un codice di pratica e per la tutela del Moderno.
Tresigallo, small agricultural centre in the plane of Ferrara, ri-founded thanks to the Fascist leader Edmondo Rossoni’s will, presents a clear and strongly conceptual urban plan: two road axes linking, physically and ideally, the main points in the life of this small town: the Church (spiritual activity) and the G.I.L. (physical activity); the productive and civic centre (every day life) and the cemetery (the memory). The urban network comes out from the meeting between the language of the rationalist vanguard and the traditional constructive practice. Recognised the historical and architectural value of the place, we planned to build up an instrument in order to list and to take a census of the urban and building structure following the ICCD filing rules. We start from the study in urban scale up to the details to underline the characteristics which make the urban tissue of Tresigallo a meaningful example of its period under a formal, composite and technical-constructive aspect. The filing operation is only the preliminary period necessary to the redaction of a “corpus” of behaving rules, ‘codice di pratica’ (handbook for the realisation of conservative interventions) in order to carry out and to check the interventions of maintenance and restoration of the building inheritance so that it will be possible to preserve the formal and substantial identity of the place 141
TRESIGALLO (FE). Stato delle conoscenze, indirizzi di tutela e parametri di restauro di una città di rinnovata fondazione degli anni Trenta del Novecento in territorio ferrarese.
Tresigallo, re-built in the 1930s, as for the town structure and formal connotation of its specialised, residential and industrial buildings, can be compared to experiences that may be found also in other contemporary Italian towns “of new foundation”. The introduction of subsequent phenomena of “interference”, like the execution of incongruous changes and the introduction of foreign elements, have produced a progressive alteration of original aspects, both architectural and urbanistic, of the original image, luckily widely still legible. Keeping in mind the objective of protecting the historical, architectural and urbanistic valences of the place, the aim of the developed work is: to evaluate the conditions of ageing and to define appropriate and shared instruments of protection; to contribute to the knowledge of the architectural and material characteristics of the buildings through their catalogation and through the individualisation of parameters for the drawing up of “codice di pratica” (handbook for the realisation of conservative interventions) for the execution and the checking for future interventions of maintenance and restoration; to analyse the experience of other yards in progress on meaningful buildings 151
Marzia Alpini, Marcello Bozzarelli
TRESIGALLO (FE). Casa della GIL: riconoscibilità di una architettura del Novecento.
The “Casa della G.I.L.”, previously named
“Balilla House”, was conceived as a place where young people were formed from
an ideological and physical point of view. It represented the tangible will of
a change. In Tresigallo, in the 30s,
the Minister of Agriculture Edmondo Rossoni, in order to transform a small
agriculture village in a sort of “Ferrarese territory of the lictor” ordered
the construction of the “Casa della G.I.L.” in a very important junction at the
beginning of the main axe of the new town. The “Casa della G.I.L.” in Tresigallo
clearly represents the stylistic rules codified by architect Del Debbio as for
shape, functional distribution and for the use of “new” materials. It was also
realised on the border line between tradition and innovation and it can be
easily taken as an
example of a widely
recognisable model, even if it was used for a very short time and, soon after,
completely abandoned. Today, more than
fifty years later, it has become a ruin but it represents a case it’s worth
studying because it can give exact information about the positive and negative
aspects of the “new” materials, technological and stylistic solutions, giving evidence of the behaviour due to
ageing in extremely bad conditions of conservation. 161
Simone Pelliconi, Giorgia Zoboli
TRESIGALLO (FE).L'ex casa del Fascio: compromesso tra innovazione e tradizione nell'Italia Autarchica.
The value of casa
La copertura dei mosaici della villa del casale di piazza Armerina – riqualificazione, restauro o sostituzione?
le strutture di musealizzazione della villa del
Casale a piazza Armerina costituiscono insieme un caso di struttura funzionale
e di architettura contemporanea il cui degrado è dovuto soprattutto
all’abbandono che non ha permesso di rinnovare e mantenere la struttura,
rivelatasi, per dati e confronti, tra le migliori sia per le finalità di
conservazione che per quelle di fruizione. oggi si
pone la questione di un radicale intervento che ne ripensi le caratteristiche e
si pone la questione se le insufficienze possano essere superate con modifiche
parziali, interventi conservativi o con una sostituzione integrale: nella
sostanzia si tratta di valutare se le caratteristiche del manufatto possano
essere conservate in assenza della conservazione della materia o se ciò sia
essenziale anche nel caso di un complesso architettonico che è contenitore e
contenuto 181
Edilizia antica, tecniche nuove: le reintegrazioni dei danni di guerra.
"The essay illustrates some problematic topics
of reintegration of architectures of historical-artistic interest after the
second world war damages, with particular attention to the Turinese context.
The text means to bring to evidence the problem of the application of the
nineteenth century technologies in the reconstruction of part of buildings and
entire architectures, especially if part of a urban
centre. Gustavo Giovannoni had already observed that ""the topic of
the"" reconstruction ""can be extraordinarily
wide"", because either the adaptation to the new comfort or the new
procedures and new construction materials are involved. In the post-war period
all that happened in terms of urgency and/or necessity: on one side criteria of
economization and from the other the subtended topic of the recognisebility.
The examples will regard the realizations of some stretch of via
189
Fenomenologia del Gioco della Torre (Littoria).
The essay examines some topics related to the approach to modern architecture, refering to Turinese examples; it also proposes the opportunity of a methodological and critical reference to these buildings to more general principles about architectural preservation 201
Vito Alunno Rossetti ,Alessandro Dal Bò, Paolo Gasparoli
Restauro e manutenzione dei calcestruzzi nelle architetture del Novecento. Valutazione della affidabilità di materiali e sistemi oggi disponibili per il ripristino corticale attraverso lo studio dei parametri di rischio alla fessurazione e rischio al distacco.
Frequent failures occur in many concrete repair
works. The large number of
pre-mixed products and systems for repair works available in the market requires a critical
revision of the technologies involved in order to guarantee an adequate durability the repaired concrete
surfaces. Seven of the most frequently used pre-mixed repair mortars available
on the Italian market have been characterised according to the recent EN 1504
European Standards on: ”Products and systems for the protection and repair of
concrete structures” and other specific
test methods. The objective was to
evaluate the durability of the concrete repair with laboratory testing and
field trials, through the measurement of the parameters that seem to affect
most their performance. Cracking risk factor and
delamination risk factor have been
proposed as indices of risk of failure. A correct understanding of these two
factors could help the design engineers to a proper selection of the repair
system with reduced risk of failure. 211
Carlotta Coccoli, Barbara Scala, GianPaolo Treccani
Archeologia e cemento armato: la ricomposizione del Pronao del Capitolium di Brescia (1939-1945).
Il saggio illustra
l’influenza che ebbero i temi e i materiali della
modernità, principalmente il calcestruzzo armato, sulle procedure di restauro
del Capitolium di Brescia. Abbandonando i criteri di un rigoroso filologismo di
stampo ottocentesco, tale intervento, con l’indispensabile sussidio di
tecnologie moderne, si è avventurato nel territorio, per sua natura incerto e
insidioso, della reinterpretazione del monumento in chiave critica. Il
ritrovamento di reperti, stimati sufficienti per quella che si reputava un’esatta
ipotesi ricompositiva, ha avviato un dibattito in cui si sono confrontate
soluzioni restaurative discordanti riguardo al risultato estetico che si voleva
perseguire. Ma ha dato l’occasione anche per progettare e realizzare, con
materiali e tecniche in parte moderni e in parte d’ispirazione tradizionale,
strutture capaci di accogliere sia le porzioni antiche sia quelle moderne,
necessarie per l’opera di un’ardita ricomposizione 221
Massimo Corradi, Valentina Filemio
Il Cemento Armato e la basilica di San Gaudenzio a Novara, ovvero il restauro statico regolato dall'ideologia della "soggettività”.
The aim of this paper is consider the role of
concrete in the restoration of
Laura Pecchioli, Fabio Fratini
La decorazione a graffito dei primi del novecento nel territorio fiorentino.
Technique graffito is a spontaneous expression that we can find also in ancient times. In florentine territory was used both as “urban decoration” and in villas. This kind of technique is no more used also because we haven’t an appropriate law that could regulate. We can only make hypothesis regarding graffito’s execution, because we have few historical documents that can explain this method. So our research was done first in a historical aim, that’s to give evidence for future of an appropriate historical documentation and in second aim to focus on Nave a Rovazzano area, rich of this kind of graffito dated 1910’s. Our research focused on the mineralogical-petrographical composition of the Via Della Villa Cedri’s original plasters. The analytical data wascompared with conservation state’ method and was useful to understand how proceeds in a appropriate restore 241
Le pitture murali di Afro Basaldella tra il 1936 e il 1955: analisi storico-tecnica e problemi di conservazione.
"Afro Basaldella (Udine 1912-Zurich 1976), generally considered one of the most important Italian painters of the last century, painted a number of murals in the early period between the Thirties and Fifties. During the Thirties the debate on traditional techniques (De Chirico, Sironi, Santagata, Oppo) had a strong influence on the young artist, as did his friend Cagli's ""Walls for painters"" proclamation. The work Afro carried out in 1936 at Udine in the ONB building designed by the rationalist architect Ermes Midena and in 1938 at the Cavazzini house are an interesting reflection of the artistic and technical trends of the time, while the large ""Port of New York"" mural that Afro painted in 1955 in the lobby of the new INAIL building in Udine bears witness to the major change, both of style and technique, that took place in Afro's painting after his stays in America and meetings with Gorky and De Kooning. The restauration of the INAIL mural in 2001 and preparatory explorations carried out on the paintings at the Fermi school (ex-ONB) and the Cavazzini house (both are now public property), also made it possible to deal with the problem of the discrepancies between written sources and analytical discoveries that often occur when contemporary art is restored, as well as another, more serious one, the preservation and change of use of twentieth-century buildings" 249
Giuseppe Berardi, Angela Calia,
Mariateresa Lettieri, Maurizio Masieri, Giovanni Quarta
Le finiture delle facciate del teatro Petruzzelli a Bari: i materiali e i rifacimenti.
The Petruzzelli Theatre in
Innovazioni nel processo ed apparecchi per la fabbricazione di pietre artificiali.
Artificial stone was introduced in architecture in the period between the end of the XIX and the early XX century in order to imitate the more expencive natural stone.
It was used not only in decorations, but also in masonry, coatings, tillings. Techniques of cleaning, consolidation, and in general of restoration are well known for natural stone; just a few is known of artificial one and often the intervention on it is characterized of superficiality nevertheless it represents a good part of the building of the first quarter of the century. This heritage deserves to be treated in the same way of the “noble relative” so as element up to Restoration. All the radical interventions of reconstruction should be avoided, in the respect of the autenticity of the building.
For artificial stone a deep historical and cultural knowledge is necessary in order to start the right process of conservation through the previous reappropriation of techniques of construction.
The research has the aim of delineating,
reading very particular documents, invention patents, the evolution of the
material used largely at the begininning of the last century. The archives of
invention patents are very rich font of information, useful in order to follow
difficult history of a production that had several, also local, variations. 271
Fabio Bevilacqua, Giancarlo Grillini, Rita Fabbri,
Carlotta Assirelli, Francesca Tassinari
La Pietra Artificiale nell’Architettura degli anni trenta del ‘900. Esempi in Emilia Romagna. Problemi di degrado e
tecniche di realizzazione.
The study purposes to analyse the development of the technique for the realization of “False Stone” (Travertine, Sandstone, Breccia, Diorite), used in structures of early twentieth century. The bibliographical research allowed to derive informations both on the origin and on the evolution of this constructive practice.
Interviews granted by still living people, that attended and worked in an Artisan Shop active
in the first years of twentieth century in
The products constructed by these craftsmen were essentially flooring tiles and covering panels, realised with particular pigments, bindings and inerts, and sometimes crafted with tools purposely conceived to manufacture the artificial hand made articles.
The study listed the different floorings still
existing in some buildings of
Furthermore, an analysis of degradation
morphologies more frequently noticed on these materials – placed in buildings
of the rationalist architecture - has been conducted, and a preservative
intervention, able to maintain and exploit that materials, has been conceived. 281
Valutazione delle tecniche e dei materiali per i restauri a Messina dopo il sisma del 1908: consolidamenti della Chiesa di San Francesco d’Assisi (1909-1922).
The
Rosalba
Ientile
La trasformazione dei criteri di sicurezza e la sopravvivenza delle opere in calcestruzzo armato del Novecento.
The fundamental moment of the conservation
project of a building in reinforced concrete is the comprehension of the safety
philosophy, which has informed the construction and the motivations, which
bring some buildings to a partial or complete out of order situation. Several
have been the regulations, throughout the twentieth century, which have traced
the criteria for the evaluation of the resistance of the structures in
reinforced concrete and have therefore set the safety conditions. As many have
been the “Restoration Papers” and Protection Laws which have outlined the
criteria for the maintenance of the constructed heritage. The discipline which
regulates the design of reinforced concrete buildings has not been explicitly
outlined until the last years of the twentieth century, the problem of
materializing constructions to be passed on, as, maybe unconsciously, has
happened for works in the past. We ask ourselves, reasoning on the surviving of
the heritage built in reinforced concrete, which have been the reciprocal
spin-offs on the architectures and on the prefixed lifetimes of these, on their
safety and on the possibility of their conservation, during a period strongly
characterized by the use of new technologies and by the mutation of the
regulations regarding its application. The study proceeds with reference to the
analysis of the documentation which form the archive of the G.A. Porcheddu
company, mandatory for the Italian area, during the years 1895-1935, of the
patent “Hennebique System” for reinforced concrete, examining a case of
architecture which has gone beyond the lifetime limits set today of an analogous
type of construction. 301
Materiali del moderno. Una rilettura critica del repertorio
Domus del 1934 di G. Pagano Pogatschnig. Conoscere per
conservare.
The recovery of one of the last copies of the “Repertorio
Domus” edited in 1934 has allowed, in the proposed essay, to process some
considerations about the tested and adopted materials in
“Norme edilizie, tecniche ed igieniche obbligatorie per i comuni colpiti dai terremoti” nel primo novecento. Dai contributi del Regio Genio Civile alle istruzioni compilate dalle commissioni tecniche ministeriali.
Between 1908 and 1912, following the grave effects of seismic events at the beginning of the twentieth century, a set of “Mandatory Technical, Construction and Hygiene Regulations” were drawn up for the territories effected. The aims pursued by the government bodies for succeeding guidelines was the drawing up of technical and regulatory provisions to reduce damage to buildings; and, in the public interest, the limitation of loss of human life in future occurrences. Through a retrospective reading of the provisions applied in the previous century, concerning the methods adopted in the reconstruction and repairs to buildings, it is possible to trace back a genealogy of risk mitigation practices (for repairs and new constructions) which were accompanied by improvements in building practices and codified in a restricted body of regulations 321
I restauri del novecento e l'archeologia dei restauri.
The archaeologist usually distinguishes, recognizes and separates. In this way he can understand the traces belonging to different culture within artefacts characterised by different historical layers. This goal begins in any case more difficult when "restoration" produce mimetic result, such as in numerous restoration works conducted on ancient buildings and such as in the completion, maintenance or restoration of contemporary architecture. Within the first case the intervention goals try to pass the distances existing between ourselves and the past. Within the second perspective the constructive techniques seem to be confused by the homologation of the productive processes and because they belong to a single architectural culture. That means that any attempt to extend the use of stratigraphic archaeology to the restoration of nineteenth century buildings needs deep consideration about some questions of technical and methodological nature, but also about the meaning of the results and about the way of working that can derive from them. 331
“Restaurare” l'architettura del Novecento.
As regards twentieth century’s Architectures,
restoration often uses to complete the lost parts and even, for the most
clamorous events, we can find regular stylistic restorations. In this case it’s
not obviously easy to give up reinstatement’s seduction. During the nineteenth
century this kind of restoration was legitimate, but at our days it results incorrect
because it’s completely disconnected from a reference theoretical thought.
Anyway the fact is that we can’t tolerate signs of time which twist and wrap
these architectures up. Instead of enriched architectures they seem crushed and
illegible. In contemporary architecture degradation and restoration don’t seem
to go together and every buildings reveals some of the
never completely faced crux of the matter, pointing out every contradiction. 339
Mauro
Moriconi
Valutazioni sulla manutenzione nell’architettura contemporanea.
Se da un lato il mondo del
restauro inizia ad interrogarsi sui problemi specifici degli edifici del
novecento, in generale non tutelati dalla legge, la realtà rivela un approccio
alla manutenzione quasi sempre privo di attenzione per
l'integrità dell'opera. Ciò vale in particolare per edifici di
importanza "minore" che però hanno un valore all'interno della
sterminata produzione di bassa qualità della città contemporanea. È evidente
come queste operazioni siano effettuate, assai soventemente,
senza porsi il problema della conservazione dei valori originali, producendo un
danno all'edificio che a volte risulta irreversibile. Caso emblematico
è ciò che sta accadendo per il cemento faccia
a vista che, nella gran parte degli interventi, viene ricoperto con
materiali che snaturano la consistenza materica della superficie.
L'obiettivo che ci si
propone, utilizzando il materiale raccolto per la città di Genova, è quello di
definire una sorta di abaco degli interventi di
manutenzione inadeguati. Da una visione d'assieme di questa realtà sarà forse
più facile comprendere quali strategie intraprendere per invertire la tendenza 343
Quale Tutela per l'architettura Moderna? Il caso delle Opere Ternane dell'architetto Mario Ridolfi.
What preservation for the modern architecture?
The example of Mario Ridolfi’s works in
Marco Morandotti, Alessandro Greco, Daniela Besana,
Gianpaolo Calvi
Diagnostica di un restauro “Moderno”. Un caso di studio.
the methodological approach applied to the Modern’s preservation is
based upon the classical theories of restoration although it presents some
specific operational characteristics joined to building technologies and
innovative materials. This approach is applied experimentally inside the
current search’s activity of the Laboratory of Science and Technique for
Building and Planning (STEP), Department of Building Engineering and Territory
of the
Alessia Bianco, Michele Candela, Emanuela Fallanca
Impiego delle PnD per la valutazione delle risorse dell'edilizia storica in Calcestruzzo Armato: il caso dell'edilizia in “muratura confinata” dei primi del 900 a Reggio Calabria.
The earthquake of 1908, leading the death of
10.000 persons and the dismissing of 30.000 also, determined the need to
rebuilt entire wards, realized in the years ’20 and ’30 of ‘900. This event
offerede the opportunity to practice a new and revoluting technique, the
“confined masonry”, a structural system costitued by a reinforced concrete framework, connected to the
curtain masonry, that behaves as a
bearing wall. The search, here exponed, concerns to estimate, large scale, the
residual resources of these structures, making a field diagnostic
investigation, that offers the application of a procedure optimized for this
specific building type and tests to relation the conservation state of these
elements in reinforced
concrete of the first years of ‘900, comparing them with
reinforced concrete building realized in
the years ’60 and ’70 of ‘900. 369
Susanna Bortolotto, Mariascristina Giambruno, Cristina
Palo, Raffaella
Simonelli
Il “Moderno” non “Moderno”: linee guida per la conservazione del quartiere ICP Regina Elena ora Mazzini a Milano.
The Azienda Lombarda per l’Edilizia Residenziale
di Milano (ALER) appointed the Department of Architecture of Milan Polytechnic
to prepare the necessary tender bid documents for the restoration of the urban
residential quarters ex’ICP Regina Elena within the
The Laboratorio di Diagnostica per la Conservazione e il Riuso del Costruito has in fact been appointed the task of defining guidelines for the conservation of the above mentioned constructions targeted for intervention. In particular, a number of solutions consolidating the quality of this 20th century buildings have been identified. These include the adaptation of conservation methodologies that are utilised in the restoration of modern buildings; as well as interventions aimed at saving natural and energy resources.
The Guidelines are aimed at the conservation of
the building elements (decorative concrete; coloured and odd-sized tiling;
Terranova finishes; patterned floorings; ornamentations on the facades) and
also the maintenance of the existing peculiar typologies, both from a
construction point of view as well as a functional point of view. 379
SIMM: uno strumento per la gestione del patrimonio informativo sui materiali dell'architettura del novecento.
Il presente contributo
intende presentare uno strumento di supporto al restauro e al recupero
dell’architettura del Novecento in via di definizione
a partire dall’esperienza ormai più che decennale di ricerca e di studio nel
settore delle tecnologie e dei materiali moderni. Si tratta di un sistema
informativo, ancora in fase di costruzione, impostato su un data base delle
tecnologie e dei materiali moderni che si sono rivelati più numerosi di quanto possa sembrare
ad un primo sommario esame. A partire dai dati relativi, ad esempio, alle
caratteristiche tecniche, alle versioni produttive, alla ditta produttrice,
alle applicazioni e alla posa in opera dei diversi materiali nell’architettura
moderna e agli eventuali interventi di restauro già sperimentati su di essi, il sistema informativo permette di acquisire
informazioni utili per affrontare problemi di intervento in modo consapevole. Con
il SIMM (Sistema Informativo sui Materiali Moderni) sarà dunque possibile
affrontare i problemi del restauro dei manufatti architettonici del Novecento a
partire da esperienze compiute, ma anche acquisire e confrontare dati
su materiali, tecnologie, interventi, produzione, letteratura e quanto altro
possa risultare utile per orientare e sostenere scelte responsabili di progetto
e di intervento. 391
Restauro architettonico della chiesa Sacra Famiglia di Ludovico Quaroni a Genova.
The decline of this church is more an “architectural decline”, which had already begun during the building phase because the incomplete realization limited its expressiveness, than a material “technological decline”.
The value of this building was only grasped by critics, who extolled it, making the church become an icon of XX century italian architecture and wasn’t understood by users, who didn’t take in its high content.
These people, since they had not recognized the right value of the church, felt free to change the structure of the building. Every improper intervention has caused more loss of readability, creating a sort of chain reaction which brought about the present disaster.
The restoration project aims at changing, as far as possible, the building as it was originally designed.
Once the new image of the church is defined, it is difficult to make it effective through the restoration project, which has to reach the balance between the “aesthetic” and “functional” (material and spiritual) need. This balance would guarantee users’ satisfaction in using the building and by seeing it, also favouring the permanent material condition of the construction 401
Fernanda Cantone, Giovanna Cantone
Le condizioni di stato negli edifici del primo Novecento. Il
caso Ortigia: corso Matteotti.
Within the context of European cities, the
criteria of conservation are nowadays changing rapidly. The restoration of
urban areas is a crucial agenda regarding both periphery, the big social
buildings of XIX century, affordable houses estates, and ultimately historical
city centers with their scattered buildings.
It is within the very historical modern context that we are gradually
focusing our attention on those buildings dated to the early '900, those
building that show a hybrid construction typology, in which load bearing walls
are often combined with frames or bay structures, concrete cantilevers or balconies.
From these consideration arise the interest for a small urban district that
derives from the destruction, dated between 1934 and 1936, of a small portion
of Ortigia's historical center to create the via del Littorio (currently corso
Matteotti) whose buildings clearly show these underlying ambiguity, yet their
technological features are extremely interesting. In this study, we aim to
analyze the performance of technological elements in relations to the different
decay aspects identified on the facades of corso Matteotti, their materials and
construction techniques, in relations to their configurations. The methodology
we intend to adopt to characterize, on one side the conditions out of a
critical reading of architectural components in relation to form, function and
technique, and on the other hand o enable the identification of the pathologies
they are suffering from, ultimately pointing out those elements that concur in
increasing or healing them , in a comparative way with
other buildings formerly constructed within the same environmental context of
Ortigia. We will obtain a picture of
the built environment between the two wars, with the aim of pointing out at
differences derived by a different conception of architectural space, of
technological elements and their relations with morphological and environmental
aspects that characterize the pre-war built environment. 411
Gli interventi di conservazione e manutenzione programmata nell’ipotesi di ridestinazione del Palazzo delle Poste e Telegrafi di Bari: un caso di studio.
The present communication analyzes a concrete case of study pertinent to the General Post Office Building of Bari designed by Roberto Narducci in 1931 and completed in 1934. It is organized in five floors, it is placed in the head position of its block and has a well-defined corner by a curvilinear pronao that emphasizes the character of formal evidence in the urban tissue .The sale of the building by the Poste Italiane Company to the University of the Study of Bari compels to make a few considerations on the building vocation and on the new destination. As for the phase of anamnesis, introductive to the phase of the project, we used the copious documents of the archive: the agreement, the list of 163 analytic terms of the prices of the building materials, the estimative metric counting, the day-book of the building works and the measurement booklet with the builder’s yard drawings have provided accurate indications for the non destructive or partially invaded survey in order to check the strength of the reinforced concrete frames according to the technical body of rules; it has also directed the diagnostic phase pertinent to the stone materials used and subject to biological and human alterations and due to necessary to provide chemical and physical analysis.The drawing up of material-form has been used to check the preservation level of the specific stuffs 421
Giovanni Cavallo, Albert Jornet, Salvatore Napoli,
Maura Ponti, Sandro Cantoni, Christine Konrad
L’impiego di materiali litocementizi sulle facciate di un palazzo degli inizi del ‘900 nel centro storico di Lugano: tecniche realizzative, degrado e problemi di conservazione.
The object of this investigation, built
according to a project of the architect Adolfo Brunel, in
Sulla conservazione dell'allestimento di Franco Albini a Palazzo Rosso, Genova.
The contribution deals with the issue of the conservation of the great museum/interiors arrangements of the Twentieth Century. These works have a special quality where the architecture is directly connected with the restorated building where these works grew up. Nowadays, in consideration of the restoration project going on for a lot of these architecture, we have to solve the problems of the conservation of these precious exhibition machines. We have to find a balance between these masterpieces of architecture and the new criteria of exhibit and the new requirement of the regulation in force.Going on from the studies and the conservation project developed for the Franco Albini work realized in Genova inside Palazzo Rosso, we want to verify problems and chances 445
Anna Decri, Carlo Arcolao, Marta Gnone, Roberto Ricci
Sperimentazioni nelle facciate genovesi dei primi del Novecento.
During the early XX century, the Genoese Architecture was characterized by the construction of many buildings inspired by the Eclectizism and mainly by the "Coppedè Style". The aim of this paper is to investigate the different ways, tecniques and materials used by architects of the beginning of the century working in Genova to decorate villas and buildings using some main examples . We will focus particularly on Villa Gaslini (former Canali), made by Gino Coppedè in 1924, in what concerns its particular materials and sperimental technics and their decay. We will analize it also for the restoration of some prospects characterized by very different methodology 455
Gabriela Frulio, Maria Rita Langiu Paola Mameli
L'impiego della "trachite" nelle architetture tra gli anni venti e cinquanta in Sardegna: tecniche costruttive e materiali tradizionali tra nuove tecnologie e modernità.
in the considered period, buildings activities in
Patologie e durabilità della pietra artificiale: un approccio analitico.
This report shows the results of a thorough
survey on the pathologies of the artificial stone on the architectural works of
the twentieth century in the
La bottega della pietra artificiale. Materiali, strumenti e tecniche tradizionali.
Artificial stone was largely used in architecture from the end of eighteenth century to the middle of nineteenth. Skilful craftsmen worked both in building sites and workshops, to produce a material with natural stone features. Materials, tools and techniques were often a workshop's secret; this essay wants to be a way to show how those craftmen used tools and moulds, believing that the knowledge of this heritage is important to understand material and to guide maintenance and conservation works on buildings with artificial stones decorations, especially now that this kind of architecture is starting to decay and it's indispensable to decide what to do and how to do 483
Daniela Lamberini, Piero Caliterna, Barbara Giannessi,
Raffaella Grilli
Il ruolo del cemento armato nella ricostruzione post-bellica dei ponti storici fiorentini.
The reconstruction of Florentine historical
bridges, which were destroyed alongside with the Lungarni by the fleeing German
army in August 1944, took place in the years from 1945 to 1959 with debates on
the relationship between the old and the new and on the employment of modern
materials and construction techniques. The present essay, based on the
evaluation of documents and tecnicla drawings, aims to cast a new light on the
rebuilding of some of the bridges (namely San Niccolò, alle Grazie, alla
Carraia and alla Vittoria) on the Arno river, emphasizing the usage of
reinforced concrete in its double role - as a building material and as a mere structural
frame hidden by stone facings. 493
AnnaMaria Lega, Valentina Mazzotti, Bruno Fabbri,
Daniela Pinna
Progetto di conservazione programmata di ceramiche del 900 esposte all'aperto nel centro storico di Faenza.
MIC,
La CAISSE D'ALLOCATIONS FAMILIALES (1953-1959) a Parigi: Problematiche conservative di un edificio a 'Curtain-Wall'.
The main building of the Parisian headquarters of the Caisse d'Allocations Familiales, - a complex created by architects Raymond Lopez and Marcel Reby between 1953 and 1959 - has serious shorcomings from a thermal insulation point of view and for respect for current fire protection regulations. The light curtain walls suspended on an entirely metallic structure were built on an aluminium grid, held together by slim bands of windows alternated by bright multi-layer polyester panels. Despite the research performed at the time on the insulating properties of this innovative material, its thermal behaviour proved to be immediately disastrous. The problems the Caf building has offer countless motives for thought about the opportunity and method of conserving a building degradednot exclusively by the physiological worsening of the materials and structures, but by a failed concept since the beginning 513
Enrico Pedemonte, Silvia Vicini, Elisabetta Princi,
Giovanni Moggi
Studio di ecopolimeri acrilici per la protezione ed il consolidamento di malte cementizie mediante polimerizzazione in situ.
The most common consolidating and protective
products employed for decayed stone of historical building can be either
inorganic or organic. Organic ones are polymeric materials (acrylics,
silicon-based and fluorinated) that are carried inside the stone as solutions
and are deposited inside the pores of the altered material simply by
evaporation of the solvent. They form a continuous film that sticks to pore internal surface and they fill the cavities even if
only partially. The penetration depth is
a key factor of a consolidating material since it must go inside the stone
enough to exceed the maximum moisture zone as well as go beyond the damage
thickness. Only low-molecular weight materials, as inorganic products, diffuse
and penetrate rapidly inside the pores while larger molecules, as polymeric
products, are confined in the surface region. In situ polymerisation was
suggested as an alternative technique to the capillary absorption of the
polymeric solution or suspension. Aimed to develop new materials with chemical,
physical and mechanical properties adapted to the specific needs of Cultural
Heritage, we reported here the performances evaluation of ecosustainable
acrylic products in situ polymerised on stones and concrete. The consolidating
and protective performances of polymeric materials applied on the samples are
evaluated following the Normal Test and ASTM Test. 521
Alberto Artioli, Salvatore Napoli
La Casa del Fascio di Como: un’architettura colorata.
La scarsa considerazione
della letteratura critica ai problemi del colore e gli errori interpretativi
indotti dall'immagine fotografica hanno permesso anche per la Casa del Fascio
il diffondersi di una semplificazione
cromatica che invece gli interventi di questi ultimi anni hanno evidenziato
come sbagliata. Gli interni riservano una grande
novità finora ignorata e mai messa in dovuta luce; infatti da alcuni saggi
effettuati durante recenti opere di manutenzione si è potuto appurare la vera
definizione degli interni che erano originariamente rifiniti in stucco lucido
colorato, tipo marmorino. Questa nuova conoscenza dimostra come il colore delle
pareti avesse una sua rilevante importanza e facesse parte della
particolare concezione decorativo spaziale del progettista che aveva
ideato un ambiente che attualmente in assenza dei colori originari, si presenta
ugualmente affascinante ma semplificato e dunque mortificato 529
Consuetudine e innovazione: il cemento armato nella sostituzione e nella integrazione di architetture storiche in opera tradizionale.
The twentieth century architecture reveals
itself intimately correlated to the use and potentiality of concrete,
reinforced or not. The composite material and the consequent techniques used
have obtained complete affirmation throughout the XX century, period which has
confirmed the entire technological dominion, the affirmation on large scale,
and after - even - a languid decadence consequent to the critical
post-evaluation of some applications. The work proposes the results of an
inquiry carried out on the technique of reinforced concrete used in approaching
and/or integration of structures and works already existing, as disruptive
innovation in precincts determined by construction continuity. The study is
based on documentary inventory which form the archive of the G.A. Porcheddu company, mandatory for the Italian area - during the years
1895-1933 - of the patent "Hennebique System" for reinforced
concrete. As example have been taken in consideration works carried out in
Turin at the Botanic Garden's building, at the Brayda house and at the Madonna
degli Angeli church, and in Milan at the Sant'Aquilino chapel and at the
Sforzesco Castle. In these cases the planners have proposed precocious
interventions of employment of new structures in reinforced concrete in
substitution or approaching other elements or parts of traditional
architecture. The building yards analysed are considered as cases for a
consideration on the reasons which have informed them and on the compatibility
and durability of "new" technologies in historical heritage at that
time. 535
Materiali Moderni nel restauro:orientamenti e pratiche nei cantieri della Sicilia Orientale (1908-1940).
The Charter of Athens that, as we know, authorize
to make use of new building-materials in conservation, ratify the need of a
radical change in methods for restoration. It is a change that is already
happened at that period. It's undoubtedly true that this
radical changes are not unexpected but, on the contrary, they came from
about 30 years of experiments and debates. We can considered
the earthquake that in 1908 destroyed
Restauri e interventi in malta di calce nel porto di Genova a inizio Novecento: consuetudine o sperimentazione ?
At the beginning of XXth century, several
“Information at your fingertips”.
The Information Communication Technologies are transforming our way to work and to live. Their social and economical impact represents a key opportunity for new development in every field of knowledge. Another event is the awareness of the importance of cultural heritage and identity, and the need of exploit and manage it, in such a framework even "recent" and "future" heritage has to be taken into account. Objects created by industrial designers, early personal computer and modern architecture building are becoming "heritage". The rapid obsolescence of technologies furthermore imposes the attention to data storage in order to ensure the "survival" of data sets for a reasonable period of time. However, the aspects, which most involve the online user, are both the interface and easy access to different subjects and contents. The contribution is focussed on advanced technologies and ICT tools for information and knowledge management addressed to built heritage conservation and management with specific reference to their application in the field of modern and contemporary architecture. Quality, kind and level of detail of involved information to be archived following the timeline is taken into account as well as workflow, different roles and skills 567
La manutenzione del calcestruzzo di cemento in ambienti marini:il caso dello stabilimento balneare di Mondello (Pa).
How modern Movement works may be conserved when
they are exposed to particular microclimatic conditions? In the latest years,
contemporary architectonic culture has dealed carefully with this matter,
trying to point out the need to act preventively through maintenance works, as
soon as the degradation appears, since neglecting it will often cause its
spread on many parts of the building, putting in danger its artistic and
historical value. In order to plan maintenance works, however, it is necessary
to know the materials used in the building, as well their relations and
interactions with the surrounding enviroment. In the present paper, we will
consider as a case of study the bathing establishment in Mondello,
Edilizia residenziale del Novecento a Messina: conservazione o innovazione?
Some examples of interventions effected in
Roberto Ricci, Rita Vecchiatini
Decorazioni di pietra artificiale: ornamento, innovazione e degrado.
In the first half of 20th century most Italian architecture is characteristic of plastic-architectonic ornaments, more or less worked out, that enrich buildings fronts. In this period a technique were specified to make objects like natural stones by use and working of grout or lime mortar. Frameworks and rich decorations of "artificial stone" were done with amazing aesthetic results, often with a wisely alternation of natural stone. Today a lot of this hand worked objects of great value are in bad condition, moreover elaborated decorations on outside fronts and the use of experimental and innovative mixture cause or increase the degradation, too.This note intends to look into the close relation between decoration display, artificial stone and degradation by the study (material and degradation analysis) on two of the most interesting examples of liberty architecture in Liguria: Villa Zanelli in Savona and the Giorgio Borghese Stairs in Genoa 599
Attualità e tradizione nelle opere di Aldo Morbelli
The essay looks at the theme of the 20th century buildings restoration trough the analysis of Aldo Morbelli works (1903-1963), who planned and built a lot of structures with different functional characters, interesting for their fulfilment's techniques and for their formal solutions, either about big edifices or about little ones. A huge part of all this production is quickly disappearing for carelessness or addition of new necessities that have taken to incompatible and inopportune changes. It appears, in fact, undeniable the practical difficulty of preserving 20th century buildings for the use of materials and technology partially still to an experimental level and with unknown behaviours and length. The essay keeps on the concept of intervention necessity, sometimes rising from an heavy situation of degradation or failure, which supposes an immediate action, always unaware, sometimes instead suggested from aesthetical and functional reasons, on which a deeper attention should be used, being inclined, if possible, to alternate solutions 609
Mirella Vinci, Irene Ruggeri, Sabrina Pandolfo
Messina, problematiche inerenti il recupero di un centro storico Novecentesco.
The architectural landscape of
Processi di obsolescenza e degrado nell’edilizia
residenziale sovvenzionata del secondo dopoguerra. Dieci
anni di monitoraggio delle modificazioni prestazionali per le case popolari
dell’arch. Carlo Cocchia a
Napoli.
The paper deals with a monitoring procedure
aimed to testify the
trasformation occourred
during the last ten years, to modern public houses (IACP and INA-Casa) realised
in
La Pietra artificiale a Genova. stato di conservazione e forme di degrado
The artificial stone is a material strongly
used in
Roberto Benvenuti, Maura Manzelle, Ruggero Munarin
Studi per il restauro di tre opere di Carlo Scarpa a Venezia: Il giardino delle sculture nel padiglione Italia, Il basamento del monumento "il Veneto alle sue Partigiane", Il monumento “Venezia alla Partigiana”.
Carlo Scarpa, during years '50 and '70,
realized some works in the area of Giardini at Castello; The Municipality of
Venice, through the Central Management "Progettazione ed Esecuzione
lavori" and "Beni e Attività culturali", acknowledged call and
need of protection of what was remaning of this architectural activity
(entrusting the survey, the studies and preliminary research of these works to
arch. Maura Manzelle and the project of restoration to arch.
Luciano Gelmin) and embarked on studying and reclamation of three particulary
significant pieces:•••the courtyard in Italian Pavilion in Biennale, the
"Giardino delle sculture" (1950-52);•••the base for the statue, made
of baked clay, "La Partigiana" of Leoncillo Leopardi (1955-57)•••the
floating base of the Monumento alla Partigiana, made by Augusto Murer
(1967-69), and the nearby works. 647
MariaCristina Cocca, Lucia D’Arienzo, Loredana D’Orazio, Gennaro Gentile, Ezio Martuscelli
A new route
for tuff conservation: in situ polymerization of urethane-urea copolymer.
a synthetic method for in situ polymerisation in environmental
conditions of urethane-urea copolymer into Neapolitan yellow tuff samples has
been successfully set up. The protective and consolidating efficiency of the
performed treatments was evaluated through water capillary absorption and water
vapour permeability measurements, abrasion and mechanical tests, this last
carried out on samples previously undergone to freeze-thaw cycles. The
distribution and the depth of penetration of the synthesized copolymer were
analysed by micro-FTIR and the influence of the in situ polymerisation on the
morphology of tuff was investigated by SEM. It was demonstrated that a good
penetration depth of the urethane-urea copolymer is achieved through in situ
polymerisation; moreover the obtained material acts as an effective protecting
and consolidating agent for tuff. 657
La cappella di Sant'Aquilino a Milano: analisi degli interventi di restauro novecenteschi a loro influsso sulle condizioni microclimatiche.
In the XXth century two restorations creates an
archeological area under the chapel floor and modify the interior decoration.
Neighbouring houses were razed to isolate the chapel. Modern materials and
technologies were employed by restorers. New microclimatic conditions are
created that actually act on the conservation state. 663
Michela Benente, Manuela Mattone
Gli interventi sull’esistente in occasione delle olimpiadi di Torino 2006: il restauro come “riscrittura” dell’architettura.
The Olympic Winter Games to be held in
Valerio Corino, Stefania Moretti, Giovanna Mastrotisi,
Alessandro Segimiro, Sonia Segimiro, Silvia Teruggi, Vincent-Pierre Vachey
L'architettura di Giuseppe Pagano a Biella: il caso del lanificio di via Carso con problematiche di progettazione e riutilizzo".
The building where once was the "Pettinatura Rivetti" in Via Carso, in Biella is the first factory in this area to have been conceived and planned by a highly professional Architect, well known nationally and internationally who represented the "Rationalist" culture. The Architect Giuseppe Pagano built this factory in 1939 for the purpose of transforming rough wool which, for the shaking of the heavy machinery, it had to be built on the ground floor. In the pictures of the time published on the magazine Casabella, of which Pagano was Director, we can see a construction with well defined and neat volumes of a bright white which was the colour preferred by the "Rationalist" Architects. The analysis on the various strata of this wall painting have revealed the typical composition of this materials. This has been done for the purpose of using the same techniques in its interiors as well as in the external parts, when in the near future it will be decided to which usage the building will be used for. The union of the Industrialists of Biella is thinking of using its interiors as a Museum concerning the history of weaving wool since Biella is so rich in this tradition and the industry of weaving is typical to all most important factories of this area 683
Carmen Genovese, FrancoTomaselli
Il cemento armato nel restauro: due esempi nella Sicilia del primo Novecento. Ricostruzione e consolidamento nei casi del Duomo di Messina e della Cuba a Palermo.
The members of the Congress of Atene, in the
1931, approved the use of reinforced concrete to consolidate ancient buildings.
In
Cementi “armati e semiarmati”. nelle “Officine Pesenti per la produzione del Portland”. I modi della costruzione, le forme di alterazione.
The essay concerns studies
about the important monument of Industrial Archeology called "Officine
Pesenti", now "Cementificio Italcementi" in Alzano
Lombardo. The cement factory, built since 1883, was
erected by the Ingeneer Cesare Pesenti, one of the first divulgators of
reinforced concret structures in
Riccardo Nelva, Roberto Vancetti, Giuliano Frigerio,
Tiziano Teruzzi
Metodi di valutazione della durabilità di tecniche di reintegrazione con malte di elementi di facciata in conglomerato cementizio armato.
This paper presents the results of an on-going research project dealing with the development of an experimental methodology for the evaluation of the durability of concrete restoration systems with repair mortars. The proposed methodology is based upon the exposition of test specimens to accelerated artificial weathering and upon condition assessment of the repair mortars by means of visual inspection and of both destructive and non destructive testing. Test specimens consist of concrete plates on which commercially available repair mortars were applied by hand or sprayed. The investigated weathering cycles all reproduce the most relevant degradation agents: heating and cooling thermal shocks, frost and damp variation. The paper focuses on the effects of the weathering cycles upon the condition of the repair mortars, on their effectiveness in activating degradation mechanisms and on the properties which are more suited for evaluating and monitoring durability also according to the recent European standards concerning repair mortars 719
Franco Tomaselli, Gaspare Massimo Ventimiglia
Le indagini diagnostiche per il monitoraggio e la verifica della conservabilità degli intonaci a “finte pietre” del Novecento.
The employ of a special plaster was diffused at
the beginning of the twentieth century in
Maurizio Gomez Serito, Antonio Rava
Pietra artificiale: peculiarità d’uso e ipotesi di restauro.
The object of this investigation is a typical
building of eclectic style in
Contributo allo studio dei fenomeni di carbonatazione sul calcestruzzo.
In concrete structures, a decay of the mechanical characteristics of the material is frequently observed not only on the surface of the concrete structures but also in the deeper layers which are not directly exposed to the weather conditions. This is probably due to the effect of gas flow (carbonic anhydride) permeating into the concrete which induces chemical and physical alteration of the microstructure with consequent decay of the mechanical characteristics of the macrostructure. A special testing apparatus has been set up, which is able to apply a constant flow of the aggressive gas into the specimen. A carbonic anhydride flow has been applyed for a long time and the main results of this research are presented. The chemical and physical alterations due to the gas permeating through the concrete is clearly shown as well as the consequent decay of the mechanical characteristics 749
Greta Bruschi, Paolo Faccio, Sergio Pratali
Maffei, Paola Scaramuzza
Fenomeni di degrado e metodologie di intervento nei calcestruzzi delle architetture di Carlo Scarpa.
This contribution focuses on the specific theme of analysis and conservation for concrete surfaces, characterizing the specificity of this topic in the architectures of Carlo Scarpa, in which concrete appears in several aspects. Carlo Scarpa concrete building techniques and the peculiar way of treating the surfaces offer a wide range of study cases. This proposal develops through an organized process of survey, reading and interpretation of building, suggesting a specific method of graphic representation capable of describing both technological properties and deterioration phenomena, as well as operative directions about diagnostic, preserving and upkeeping methods. Moreover the research make use of results coming from tests on concrete sample, made up like the surveyed Scarpa's concrete surfaces, properly aged and deteriorated, to test possible restoring processes impact, with regard to image alteration. This process allows a critical reflection about conservation possibilities in reinforced concrete, considering the most updated technological solutions available in market resources 757
Antonia Moropoulou,
Asterios Bakolas, Timokleia Togkalidou, Maria Karoglou, Paraskevi Kaouri,
Basileios Chandakas
Performances and durability of materials for monitoring and quality
control (the case of municipal market of Pyrgos).
For the preservation, and safeguarding of modern cultural heritage the investigation of the performances and durability of the materials and structures is needed. A methodology for this investigation, and also a plan for the evaluation and the management of the acquired data are of great importance. This can be done by systematization of investigation and monitoring of the materials and structures characteristics, in order to perform maintenance management, and quality control of materials and buildings, and to determine the compatible materials and conservation interventions. This integrated methodology will ensure the sustainability of modern cultural environment 765
Guido Biscontin,
Il problema metodologico nello studio di opere moderne: la grande pittura di Sironi a Cà Foscari (Venezia).
This research has taken into consideration some samples coming from a mural painting presents in Ca' Foscari palace (Venice). This work of art is a manufacture of Sironi and it dates back to the 1937.The study has underlined the importance of the analytical approach at the "modern" works of art, that needs a different modality in the setting out, respect to the same generally followed for the study of the traditionally works of art 775
Valerio Di Battista, Paolo Gasparoli
Qualita’ e affidabilità dell’intonaco “TERRANOVA”.
Terranova plaster is a plastering process, colored in mass, acknowledged as reliable and durable, eith by professionals and by a wider public who helped in establishing its name in a way that its name assumed over time the meaning of a paradigm. The research conducted by the Built Quality Evaluation Laboratory, from september 2000 to february 2001, aimed at analizing the behaviour of Terranova plaster applied outdoor through the time, from 1932 to 1992, on buildings in Milan, confirmed these consolidated convictions. The durability demonstrated by "historical" Terranova plaster is connected to its technological peculiarity. The silication process of the lime, obtained with the addition of active silicic acid and sodic or silicic fluoride, is likely to be the innovation that allowed the durability of this product over time 785
Letterio Mavilia, Giuseppe Panzera, Salvatore Aragona,
Vincenza Modafferi
Valutazione della qualità e previsione della curabilità dell’edilizia residenziale post terremoto a Reggio Calabria.
The reconstruction of vast
residential districts in Reggio Calabria, city located in the south of Italy,
after the 1908 calamitous event (a violent earthquake), was effected according
to new rules for building in seismic zone. This circumstance was then an important
occasion to put into practice in a spread way a new and revolutionary
constructive technique named "the confined masonry". It represented a
new building construction system composed by a framework in steel reinforced
concrete placed side by side to a full brick masonry. To distance of about one
century from the above mentioned earthquake it appears us to be very opportune
to make, both for evaluation of the current materials and structures integrity
and for recovery and conservation purposes, a careful evaluation on the
residual resources of the aforesaid concrete structures, particularly some
structures edified in the years 20 and 30 and representative of the popular
house-buildings. The extension of the aforesaid investigation to other more
recent manufactured city buildings allowed us to make a comparison on
construction quality parameter mainly as the level of constructive-techniques,
on the way by which concrete was applied in terms of composition and laying in
work, and the resistance degree of the composite to the aggressive action of
some natural (i.e., aerosol sea) and urban pollutants (i.e., gaseous and
particulate automotive emissions). To
such end, on pre-selected representative popular residential buildings, they
were conducted some analytical investigation procedures of destructive tests
type. So making, it has been possible to study the chemical-physical and
mineralogical-petrography nature in respect on the composition of concrete.
Also the presence of some incipient or consolidated physical-chemical damages
have been made by laboratory tests. In particular they were performed by
applying common analytical techniques such as optical microscopy, X-ray
diffractometry, thermogravimetry, ionic chromatography and, supported when
necessary, by the aid of some conventional wet chemical analyses
procedures. It was ascertained that
buildings edified around to the second-third decade of last century are edified
well and are still in good state in relation to the carrying structures
although actually they suffer a diffuse
degradation on the exterior parts (as external walls, finishers, and other
decorations) specially when not plastered at the right moment. Opposite those
buildings belonging to the sixth-seventh
decade of the same century appear altogether edified in a less good manner and
it also seems, they exhibit today, considering theirs youngest age, most
greater damages 795
Antonio Cassiano, Giuseppe De Benedetto, Carla De
Maglio, Chiara Marini, Rosa Vatinno
Il“SANTUARIO DELLA PAZIENZA” di Ezechiele Leandro.
Santuario della Pazienza has been created by Ezechiele Leandro in San Cesario, near Lecce, between 1962 and 1981 when the artist died. It consists of several statues in concrete on a iron structure, where Leandro included small pieces of pottery, glasses and other scrap materials. Nowadays Santuario's restoration has to be undertaken due to degradation phenomena, like detachment of concrete pieces or rusting of the iron structures. A formerly proposed intervention foresaw the coverage by Plexiglas sheetings above the garden. This solution is not acceptable and the protection of the surface of each figure is proposed instead. As a result, the characterization of Leandro's materials has been carried out along with the testing of some protective coatiings and the relevant results are reported in the present communication 805
Architettura contemporanea a Torino aspetti di Tutela e Restauro.
The protection of contemporary architecture in Turin began to develop during the 1990s as a consequence of the imminent re-conversion of the city's many industrial sites. Indeed, an evaluation method for artistic and historical interest - which actually applies to the entire range of architectural types that have lived throughout the last century - was defined to this purpose. In this way street markets, hospitals, sports facilities and schools can be protected. The management of contemporary architecture's protection is not an easy task since often its values are not yet shared, partly because of the limited historical distance between us and the values it represents. On the contrary, paradoxically, the restoration of contemporary buildings is easy since there aren't - nor could there be - methodological differences with the operating method used for restoring ancient works: the issue at stake relating to the contemporary is not actually how, but rather being able to accomplish restoration thanks to an opportune protective action 815
Marco Operto, Cristinana Bevilacqua
Il villaggio olimpico negli ex mercati generali a Torino.
In the year 1932, architect Umberto Cuzzi designed the MOI (International Fruit and Vegetable Market) on behalf of Turin Town Hall. The Market was being built in the south outskirts of the town, with principles of functional and rationalist architecture. In the year 1934 was inaugurated.It was built with two sheds in reinforced concrete and moulded with seven parabolic arches, suitable with vehicles and connected with lower part bodies, where happened the negotiate.Centrally there was a square, which since the end at 30'es hosts a new building made up of a new covering with thin cantilever wings. The "Turin General Fruit and Vegetable Market", now part of the town, were closed in 2001, following the choice to give an outskirts area to accommodate a new integrated pole. The Town Hall Council thought in which sort of urban planning this area could be re-used. The occasion for the recovery of General Fruit and VegetableMarket, another topic of the Modern in Turin, has come with the Olympic program.In the next February 2006, the building will accommodate the International Zone of the Olympic Village, where are located the support functions to stay of the athletes 825
Il villaggio media nell’ospedale militare “A. Riberi” di Torino.
The military hospital of Turin was called
Alessandro Riberi, founder of the military sanitary staff, was inaugurated on
July the fifth,1914. It was used the most advanced sanitary plants and the most
suitable constructive norms for this kind of building from the engineers and
the hygienists of that period. This complex is a meaningful example of hospital
typology divided into blocks of rationalist design with the presence of liberty
items. After ninety years of distance from the building inauguration, next a
period of progressive decadence, the XX Winter Olympic Games of Turin 2006
originated the occasion for the recovery and the restoring of this important
landmark of the twenty century. The project, conducted by the architect Carlo
Aymonino, permitted to recovery the necessary areas will accommodate about one
thousand journalists during the Olympic Games and the same number of soldiers,
in the next stage. The same project will permit to replace the Centre of
Military Medicine in a restored block of the
building, but, in particular way, is oriented to the recovery of the
original designs and materials in accordance with a conservative restoring. 831
Carlo Scarpa. L’aula Manlio Capitolo e il Ponte alla fondazione Querini: l’impegno della manutenzione.
ND 837
Studi ed indagini propedeutici al restauro di due complessi architettonici degli anni cinquanta nella Sardegna Settentrionale.
ND 845
Lisa Accurti, Alberto Tricarico
“Far di necessita'
virtu'”: "invenzioni" strutturali ai tempi dell'autarchia. Caratterizzazione di materiali e
deterioramento.
The architectural shape of the building,
situated in Novara and comparable to a
series of hangars, derives from the structural devices adopted at the time in
which it was built, between 1938 and 1939. The study points out the peculiarity
of roofs, shaped as a parabolic curve comparable to a catenary's curve. It
derives from varying the original idea of a flat roof The roof is held up by
reticular curved beams in reinforced concrete and reinforced brick, 13,5 m.
wide and 11,8 m. high, which cover an area of about 5000 squared meters. This solution allowed saving a lot of
building steel, since the geometric shape of the structure actually produces
mainly comprehessive efforts. The
structure, very peculiar in its geometric shape both in plan and in facades,
has been analyzed from the structural static and dynamic point of view, with the aim of verifying the structural stability of both main load bearing parabolic arches
and purlins. Moreover, the deterioration index of building materials has been
investigated The investigation has
pointed out the very peculiar, probably unique, use of materials like empty
bricks as load bearing materials, and the building technique, which can be
considered a very early example of precasting technique: the parabolic arches,
split in two parts, built and stored in the erecting yard, have been lifted up
thanks to a chain pulley system. 861
Francesca Albani, Luca Bertolini, Marco Manera,
Fabrizio Valvassori
La conservazione dei materiali dell'architettura Contemporanea: Calcestruzzo Armato, Pietra e Rame in un edificio di Figini e Pollini a Milano.
This paper describes the restoration of a
building built in Milan in the 1960s, designed by Luigi Figini and Gino
Pollini. The building consists of two parts with a facade made of granite stone
and reinforced concrete and a higher one covered with copper sheet. The
restoration work was focused mainly on the façade concrete elements of the
lower parts of the building which were damaged by corrosion of the rebars and
subsequent concrete detachment.A detailed inspection characterised by both
non-destructive measurements and core sampling was carried out. In order to
diagnose the causes of the corrosion and to define the repair strategies.
Prescription on the repair materials and procedures were then formulated both
for reinforced concrete and stonework and copper sheet . Many questions remain
open above all concerning the materials used in the reinforced concrete
maintenance. 871
Restauro ed adeguamenti di edifici novecenteschi di
significato architettonico del secondo dopoguerra. Il caso dell’Istituto Universitario “Gregorio
Mendel” a Roma (1953-2004)
Adjustments to new legislation can often
interfere with architectonic characteristics of 20th Century buildings of
undoubtful value. Normally those who carry out these corrections have no
specific preparation in restoration. Thus, cultural aspects of the 20th Century
that could be saved with a correct methodological approach and at no cost are
lost. Transformations of the "Gregorio Mendel" Institute,
inauguratede in Rome in 1953 for medical genetic research and still part of the
University, can perfectly exemplify the problem. Designed in the early50s by
Ildo Avetta, the building, of unusual roman postwar architectonic innovations,
has undergone numerous corrections and necessary maintenanances in the last
years and a recent general restoration. These transformations have obviously
interfered with some of its architectonic characteristics such as: the interior
space obtainede by the temperate glass of many walls, the use of golden anodized
aluminium frames and the variety of finishing materials and furniture
magnifically studied by craftsmen and artists with the aim of an organic
architecture.Reflections brings us to methodological implications and pratical
evaluations extended to the recovery of 20thC architecture and the respectand
conservation of the cultural value it represents. 881
Laura Barbanti, Daria Jeanmonod, Daniele Rancilio
Dopo il Novecento: la riscoperta della manutenzione. Il caso di Villa Mylius a Sesto San Giovanni.
The Villa Mylius in Sesto San Giovanni (Milano), of eighteenth-century origin, was enlarged in the fifties by adding a new wing with a reinforced-concrete structure that created externally an architectonic and stylistic continuity with the historical building, even if modern materials such as smooth or decorative ciments and prefabricated concretes were utilized. A new front facing was also applied on the historical part with a restoration in the seventies, which started a decay process due to materials incompatibility. The new-ended restoration on the building façades had, as a central theme, the material and its stratifications, focusing on the transformations, largely of the twentieth-century, which represent the manufacture history. The restoration project intended to carry back to the surface all the materials of the architectonic and decorative façade elements, without making any distinctions between the presumed "original" ones and the twentieth-century additions 891
Valorizzazione e tutela degli interventi INA-Casa di Palermo.
Dalla diagnosi agli interventi di recupero.
Among the twentieth century architectures, the
economic-popular housebuilding interventions have to be enumerated, realized in
Un americano a Roma: la "Gloriette" di villa Sciarra tra scelte innovative di Giorgio Washington Wurts e Pio Piacentini e problemi di conservazione.
The Villa Sciarra's pavillion at Rome, called "gloriette", consisted in eight little columns on plinth and metal dome; it is one of the principal furniture commissioned from George W,Wurts, an american diplomat, and made from Pio Piacentini in the second decade of the XXth century The restoration acquainted us with the stony material, which is Aurisina Fiorita, a limestone unusual in Rome, coming from the Carso quarries. It presents suface's fragility and poses problems for the conservation, increased from the position at the top of the hill, exposed to the wind and to the attack of biological agents. The restoration brought a finding about the dome, which was at the beginning with gilt made of brass powder. The "gloriette" is an expression of american taste, which was made in the villas at the Janiculum 911
Luca Bertolini, Maddalena Carsana, Matteo Gastaldi,
Pietro Pedeferri, Elena Redaelli
Indagine sulle strutture in calcestruzzo armato di due edifici di Milano alla soglia dei 50 anni: la casa-albergo di via Corridoni e l’ex Istituto Marchiondi.
The paper describes the
results of the inspections carried out on the reinforced concrete structures of
two buildings which were built in the years between 1947 and 1957 in Milan: the
"casa-albergo" in Corridoni street, designed by Luigi Moretti, and
the former Institute Marchiondi in Noale street, designed by Vittoriano Viganò.
Both buildings have reinforced concrete structures; nevertheless, the
structures of the former building are covered by plasters and ceramic tiles,
while in the latter concrete is not protected. Different types of
non-destructive tests were carried out on the reinforced concrete structures of
the buildings and concrete samples were cored to carry out further laboratory
analyses. The results of the analyses are described with regards to the
characterization of the concrete, the assessment of the degradation of the
structures and the evaluation of its future evolution. The present degradation
of the two buildings will then be compared, with special regards to the role of the
different design approaches in relation to the surface finishing 919
Elvira Cajano, Francesco D'Asaro, Maria Talani
Il restauro del villino Astengo in Roma.
The "Villino Astengo" is situated in Lungotevere Cenci, in the ancient "S. Angelo" quarter and it's a notable example of the Liberty Style. It was built at the beginning of the 20th Century. The plan of the house was designed by the architect Ezio Garroni, whose original project we found at the Capitolino Archive. The building now is under the Soprintendenza tutelage, as a matter of fact it is very elegant and remarkable for the perfect harmony between its frame and its rich decoration: but before the actual restoration, it was impossible to fully appreciate the artistic and cultural significance of the building. This was because of the thick coat of paint "brick" tone. In particular, the fine painted decorations upon the windows and on the top of each corner (inspired by the Art Noveau motifs and the Futurist patterns) were mostly hidden.The works had aimed towards the cleaning of the facades, restoring them again to a refined travertine color. The stuccos and the paintings had reintegrated and revalued, and the roof wad restored.The final result is the rediscovery of a really great piece of architecture 929
Il palazzo delle Poste centrali di Napoli. La qualità dell'architettura moderna attraverso la sperimentazione di nuovi materiali e di tecnologie inedite
In this essay on the Naples Post Palace, with an accurate documentary analysis, we ran over the yards events, tracing the executive complications, which have been conditioned by the epoch's organizing limits and by the projects logics. These logics, caused by the new expressive language assurance, brought continuous modifications during the works. Giuseppe Vaccaro's and Gino Franzi's constant control on the executive stage testify the close connection between the project's ideation and the yards practice, which is a characteristic that Vaccaro will preserve during all his professional activity. The analysis we did shows how the materials and the technologies in part experimental for that age, have worked during all this time. Instead the pauses and the doubts that have featured some of the interventions aspects are useful to understand the work qualities 939
Raquel Sandoval Parra, Giovanni Castiglioni
Il restauro dell'architettura contemporanea in Messico e il recupero dei grandi siti industriali : il caso delle cartiere di “Loreto y Pena Pobre” a Citta' del Messico.
The recent restoration interventions, and
" re-utilization", realized on "Loreto y Peña Pobre" paper
mills represent a significant expression of actual "methodological"
tendencies about interventions on Mexican twentieth century's architecture.
These tendencies are not always shareable, but they represented a particularly
interesting possibility of debating about Mexican architectural patrimony
conservation, between institution, media and civic associations. It can be very
important today to study in depth these discussions, because the Mexico City
municipality and the imprenditorial group organizing the intervention on these
ancient factories had just stipulated an agreement for the restoration of the
buildings in the centre of the city. 949
Gabriella Caterina, MariaRita Pinto
Il progetto di manutenzione del ristorante della piscina di Carlo Cocchia: come restituire all'opera i perduti caratteri?
In Napoli, architecture of 1900 finds a great
example of urban importance in "Mostra d'Oltremare" in which there is
a building and structure complex that recall a rational style.The Pool's
Restaurant with the Esedra fountain planned with Piccinato are the only works
left of Carlo Cocchia inside the "Mostra" after the demolishing in
the eighties of the Wood's Restaurant and Botanical Greenhouses.In the 1950's
an intervention on the building changes radically, with the aid of punctual
maintenance operation, the project's original intention. The actual building's
deterioration condition requires a recovery plan that, with a new
interpretation of the original work rules and choices, is able to bring back
the nowadays denied features.The proposed contribution examines criteria for
the revision plan of the Pool's Restaurant, extrapolated from a precise
acknowledgement analysis that, in the anagraphic phase of the project can rely
on the architect's (Carlo Cocchia) documents, with the aim of bringing out the
work's intimate reasons of being. This phase is important also for the choices
concerning the maintenance project that has to guarantee lasting performances
of the building's constructive elements. 959
Davide Borsa, Giovanni Castiglioni, Paolo Conte,
Francesca Gottardo, Michele Raffaeli
Piero Gazzola e l’intervento Di Carlo Scarpa a Castelvecchio di Verona: un Restauro del Restauro?
After the second world war Castelvecchio of Verona was involved in a certain number of intervention of restoration that enden in the new concept of the Civic Museum created by Carlo Scarpa. In this essay we will propose some news, founded out in archive documents, about the partnership between Licisco Magagnato, director of the Castelvecchio's Museum, and Piero Gazzola, Soprintendente ai Monumenti of Verona, we will try also to stright out their rule in the promotion of the castle's restauration 969
Antonio De Vecchi, Maurizio Papia, Giuseppe Campione,
Rossella Corrao, Simona Colajanni
Gli infissi in ferro-finestra: una proposta di restauro.
The improvement of technical elements
performances used in Modern Architecture is one of the aims pursued by the
experts involved in recovery actions to apply on modern buildings. These
elements have been built by using new materials and techniques that were not
completely known by modern architects; for this reason many buildings were
subject to precocious decay phenomena. Up to now the actions used to recover
these buildings have been prevalently based on the replacement of the original
technical elements, that were not conformable to the actual users needs, with
others more easily available on the market. Nevertheless, the differences
between these new elements performances and those of the original ones have
compromised the original formal and technological characteristics of most of
the modern buildings. The "iron-window" casings that were diffusely
adopted in Modern Architecture have been recovered by using the same
"destructive" strategies.The paper shows the results of a research
derived from the analysis carried out during the recovering of the "iron-window"
casings of the Faculty of Engineering at the Palermo University. In this set of
buildings a new kind of windows have been already put in action with the aim to
improve the indoor quality and only in a few cases have been adopted recovery
actions to improve the performances of the original windows. We want to show
the possibility to guarantee the improvement of the original performances of
"iron-window" casings simply by adopting technical devices, with the
respect of the original formal, technological and material values also by
obtaining a reduction of the costs in comparison with the ones related to the
completely substitution of the window casings. 981
Il cotonificio siciliano di Pietro Ajroldi e Franco Gioè. Una proposta di Restauro del moderno.
The former cotton mill of Palermo was built ( o
was born, sprang up) in the fifties by a group of planners called AIR (Architetti Ingegneri
Riuniti) leaded by the architect Pietro Ajroldi. It's located in Piano del Gallo
enclosed between Mondello and Tommaso Natale. The main pavilion of the spinning
mill was built out of a framework
of concrete pillars and beams. While the
roofing, the most important part of the building, was built out of a reinforced concrete shed vaults that avoid heap of dust on the delicate
spinning machine. The lighting was realized out of wide openings made up of
metal profiles that goes by the length of the vaults. The study envisages to
emphasize the distinguishing features of the original fabric and to identify
appropriate restoration techniques. Since the production cicly has been
interrupted, nowadays the fabric looks neglected. The study also aim at giving
occasion to reflect on modern restoring topics in a particular manner on topics
concerning the use and the technology
applied on the restoring of the modern
buildings. 991
Raffaela Braggio,Genziana
Frigo, Massimiliano de Adamich
Conservazione e riqualificazione funzionale di un’architettura liberty milanese: il Civico Acquario.
In spite of its small dimensions, the Civic Aquarium is regarded as one of the most significant examples of Milan Liberty Architecture, and also, the only building evidence left by the International Exhibition of 1906. The building, created on the project of the Architect Sebastiano Locati from Milan, is of great interest not only for its original architectural foundation, but also for its original artificial stones and painted majolicas.The building was seriously damaged in August 1943 by air bombings and was restored, keeping its original function, in the 1960s. The present plan of preservation and functional requalification, focuses on restoring not only the rich decorative array of artificial stones and majolicas and on the external surface in general, but also focuses on recovering internal areas with the creation of broad spaces for the teaching and topic expositions, the radical renew of the expositive side of the pools and the realization of areas aiming at public activities such as a Library, an Auditorium and Labs 999
Vittorio Fiore, Paola De Joanna
La sperimentazione di tecnologie innovative nel 900: criticità e processo manutentivo attraverso l'osservazione del mercato ittico di Luigi Cosenza (Napoli 1929-30)
The Naples' Fish Market, juvenile work of Luigi Cosenza, can be considered a sample testing the very new technologies of the time. The design was realised between 1929 1930, it underlines how Cosenza was aware of the industrial production development and how he was engaged in the employment of new products and materials in architecture. The Fish Market project combines the rational models with revolutionary classicism of Boullèe and Ledoux and the classical architectural own characters. This work aims to understand the technological choice criteria to reach the design request both in spatial configuration and in building performance. At the same time it back tested the experimental efficiency toward the needs of maintenance and preservation. Cosenza employs new materials as glass-concrete (in facade, shed) and reticular beams (to sustain the big central vault). In time the building has been modified loosing the original solution. The recent interest in maintenance emphasises the critical points in the 1900's architecture, when new technologies can only be tested lively, while it actually can be verified before the production by means of laboratory simulation. On what concern "maintenance", this contribute analyses the critical points in the employed technologies for Modern Architecture pointing out the right intervention in order to preserve the heritage of Neapolitan architectural production at the beginning of the century 1011
Villa Muggia a Imola: che fare?
Instructed to transform a XVII Century hunting
casino in a modern country villa, Bottoni decided to preserve the construction's
most precious part, a surprisingly fresco painted room and include it in the
new building. The room therefore became an integral part of the new and
extremely modern construction and will be used as an atrium and a party room
directly communicating with the outside garden. In 1945 the villa was bombed
and devastated. War, time and abandon have reduced the building, never
restructured after the war, in some sort of a green relict between the leaves
of which appear architectural fragments of different times. The 1994 tie decree
has not, until now, moved any new ideas abuot the restoration of the villa. 1021
I sistemi d’ornato del primo Novecento a Messina. Per un solo disegno, svariate realizzazioni.
Messina in first the 1900's. One city of new foundation from the multiple decorative repertoire. The requirement of a stony image denied from one artificial emulation. An occasion of diffuse experimentation for the cement-based mixture faces to animate moulded cornices and adorns to you, pilasters with capitals and bases, balconies with consoles and parapets, and every other decorative element. The observation of that it came realized gives back an identical image of the various façades facing the public roads, isolation intervals or inner courts, while a technical-constructive analysis declines multiple varying for a same element ornaments them. Nearly a hierarchy wanted to be expressed that tied the technique chosen to the prestige of the building, to the role of the façade in it, to the positioning of the decoration. Beginning from some circumstantial spies of this truth - archives documents, in which technical administrative results introduced meaningful differences - the search of the proposed constructive mutations for some elements decorated to you has been lead, putting into effect verifications of correspondence of the apparatus testify them, if recovered, and predisposing it is a diagnostic apparatus for the characterization of the composition of prescriptions that a surveying on production and execution. The outcome that agrees to propose is a technical-formal catalogue of the elements of adorned that to every design make to correspond the various adopted constructive techniques, inserting it in a cultural scene in which the motivations of the reported phenomenon are wanted to discovery newly 1029
Donatella Rita Fiorino, Franco Masala
La cultura del novecento nell’architettura delle torri campanarie in Sardegna: Forma, materia e conservazione tra ricostruzione, innovazione ed invenzione.
The present work reconstructs Sardinian's
architectural culture of the last Century through the analysis of the
bell-towers. It il possible to indicate three different levels of progects on
this structures: new constructions, additions on old manufactures, especially
in terms of steeples or domes, and finally consolidation actions. Making a
survey of the situation on the regional territory, it is possible to show a
strong diffusion of reinforced-concrete slabs and iron staircases, often in bad
state of conservation, and to find a new format, here proposed, in order to
create a monitoring system related to a data-base for preserving from
structural risks. 1039
Luciano Formica, Antonio Genovesi, Cristina Sironi,
Patrizia Sommaria
Il Palazzo Dario Biandrà di via Circo 7-9 a Milano.
Dario Biandrà palace was built in the second half of the XIX century. At the beginning of the XX century, the owner decided to give to the façades a new image in accordance with the times, using artificial stone for architectural ornaments.This paper deals with the results of the conservation treatment of the renderings, made by lime binder mortar, and artificial stone, largely cracked because of the volumetric expansion of the iron structure as a result of the oxidation process.Interior walls and ceilings were covered by layers of lime and repaints that have been removed by mechanical means, after preliminary tests.Architectural paint research and the study of historic documentation offered a detailed insight into the development of the building and great potential in the field of the history of interior design 1049
Aspetti progettuali, caratteristiche tecnico-costruttive e problemi di recupero del patrimonio INA-CASA (1949-1963). Il caso dell’Unità residenziale Bernabò Brea di Luigi Carlo Daneri (Genova).
La comunicazione esamina un'importante opera genovese di
Luigi Carlo Daneri realizzata nell'ambito del Piano INA-casa: l'Unità
residenziale Bernabò Brea (1950-1953). La lettura di questo complesso mette a
confronto i dati relativi agli edifici, con quelli
relativi alla cultura tecnica del costruire propria della vicenda INA-Casa. Sulla
base del confronto critico di queste informazioni, si cerca di delineare le ipotesi più plausibili sulle probabili cause
delle problematiche presenti sugli edifici e di identificare i
"difetti", i guasti e le patologie del costruito. Questo può
costituire un contributo per approfondimenti nel campo della conoscenza dello
stato di conservazione e dei problemi di recupero del patrimonio INA-casa. 1059
Roberta Mantelli, Michela Ravera
La manutenzione in un edificio anni ’60. Esame delle nuove soluzioni tecniche e riflessioni sugli esiti dei precedenti interventi.
This article takes the cue from an upkeep action taken on a XX century building in the Genoa urban area and it wants to study the delicate relationship information/decision which starts when you need to upkeep common modern residential buildings. The building under consideration is part of a group of buildings built with a quite similar construction and morphological typology. Therefore the peculiarity of the case being examined gives us the possibility to compare different project decisions which involved several buildings having the same characteristics and thus permits the analysis of the techniques used and provides an evaluation of the action taken regarding the compatibility of the technique used and of the responsive technique. Consequently, our aim is to evaluate how much the use of new building materials and new upkeeping technologies have directed, in time, to new different project choices, in the attempt to obtain a longer lasting upkeep action result. Moreover, because of the presence of some highly deteriorated architectural elements, the building under consideration is quite suitable to study the problem of behaviour of materials in relation to ageing process, environmental action and usage 1071
Giuseppe Giannini, Tommaso Maria Massarelli
L’edificio "Regio Laboratorio di Biologia Marina"
(1930) a Taranto. Architettura,
tecniche costruttive, problemi di conservazione.
The building that presently houses the Experimental Thalassographic Institute "Attilio Cerruti" in Taranto was born as Royal Laboratory of Sea Biology. Built in 1930 with distinct neo-Renaissance shapes, the edifice ranks, architectonically, in a transitional phase: its revivalistic forms are accomplished associating traditional techniques with the ones updated to the current constructive culture. Its history, moving from happy origins to war events and periods of neglected maintenance, has, neverthless, led the building to us for good-sized unaltered. Columns, mouldings, stone panels and decorative elements, accomplished in reinforced concrete, alternate each other on the front walls. The structure is composed of a reinforced concrete frame, main walls, brickwork arches, brick-concrete floors, wooden roofings. The finishes include ceilings and decorative elements both of wood and stucco. Since then windows are accomplished according to a sliding system. Moreover the specific scientific activity required pools, aquariums, materials such as opal glass, gres, linoleum.... The characteristics of a prestigious building, which represents a relevant example of transiction from the traditional culture to the innovative and specialized one, led to conservative problems, considered preliminarly, about factors of damages on the constructive elements of mixed conception 1079
Architettura del Novecento lungo il litorale romagnolo. Interventi
di conservazione e recupero delle colonie marine.
Among the most impressive examples of
twentieth-century local architecture, Colonie (seaside rest camps) remarkably
stand out along the
Roberto Nuvolone, Paolo Piantanida
Un’architettura del novecento tra conservazione e rinnovo: Il caso del cosiddetto “palazzo delle statue” in Novara.
Among residential buildings in Novara, the so-called "Condominio del Palazzo di Piazza Cavour" (1931) is the first example in the town of a joint ownership house. Its architecture was designed to promote this property modernisation and to reassure investors, also with well known materials, such as artificial stone here widely used, with an up-to-date style. Unfortunately some building mistakes, disproportionate savings and the deficiency of maintenance during the past 60 years caused a diffused and fast deterioration of the facade elements. The possibility to start the facade restoration with a small test site was very useful to improve the knowledge about the building and to modify in consequence some of the initial design items. It also offered the opportunity to focus on some issues specially related to the restoration of the Modern Movement buildings, where the kind of the matter, the shape and the function of each element may be prevalent over the strict authenticity of the whole system of parts 1099
Charles W.Nelson, Atanasie E.
Popescu
The
richarsonian romanesque style of James J, Hill Mansion in St. Paul, MN, Usa Its
deterioration, restoration and maintenance aspects.
The "Empire Builder" James J. Hill built his mansion between 1888 and 1891. It was the largest residence ever built on Summit Avenue, on the bluff overlooking the City of St. Paul. Today, this area of Summit Avenue represents one of the best examples of Victorian architecture in America. The redsandstone mansion was designed in the massive Richardsonian Romanesque style by Boston architects Peabody, Steams and Furber. Named for Henry Hobson Richardson, who popularized this architecture style in the late nineteenth-century America, it was distinguished by a massive, rugged appearance employing randomly sized blocks of stone, sturdy squat pillars, heavy rounded arches, and a strong horizontal line. In 1925 the Hill's daughters presented this mansion as a gift to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Paul. For the next fifty-three years the building served many functions for the Catholic Church, including offices, residence, and a teacher's college for women. In 1961, in direct connection with structure's historic significance's increase, the United States Department of the Interior designated the house a National Historic Landmark. In 1980, the Minnesota Historical Society acquired the Hill Mansion. Our contribution is focused on deterioration aspects, mainly for stone surfaces, and also on the important dangerous phenomenon represented by the slide tendency to the valley of the upper platform, where the building complex is located. We also are focused on the main restorations and repairs of the main building, with our recommendations for a better maintenance of this important Cultural Heritage 1109
Il recupero della casina delle rose di Villa Borghese a Roma: un complesso intervento di restauro di immobili ristrutturati o costruiti nella prima metà del novecento.
In the ambit of the recovery Program regarding the space of building monuments, the Cottage of Roses (Casina delle Rose) located in "Villa Borghese" (Borghese's Country house) has been incluted in. This famous cottage includes some properties of different age, id est: a) the country house of the eighteenth century "Villa Manfroni-Bernini"; b) the adjoining cow-house of the same age, enlarged in the nineteenth century; c) the little open-air theatre built in 1937 and the surrounding space (which has finally been arranged in the early twentieth century). These aforesaind properties have been rebuilt or built in the early twentieth century for providing the park with public services. The different origin of the properties toghether with the events throughout the years in the second half of the twentieth century made the restoration to be a very laborius one. In fact , these buildings, kept out of service, suffered severe weatherings and a long wait for legal proceedings before carrying out this most expected and hard project of restoration. It is important to point out that a great care has been taken for evaluating the wearing action of time upon the building materials throughout a so long time. To emphasize that the buildings of the "Cottage of Roses" suffered some severe damages as follows: a) non authorized works; b) a stroke of lightening ; c) micro-organisms together with insecta found in the wooden sides owing to the special micro-ambience; d) the falling down of the reinforced concrete penthouse of the little open-air theatre and the surrounding space which became wild. Anyway, in spite of all these events, the result to be testified is the test bed of both high performances and toughness of some materials 1118
Villa Rosa di Altare (SV) il restauro di una villa liberty.
This paper is devoted to the restoration of an Art Nouveau Villa in Altare, a village in the immediate vicinity of the city of Savona. The building is in the property of the Italian State and will house a Museum of the Art of Glass, with a strong tradition in the village of Altare. The restored façades have a rich sculpted decoration both in stucco, marble and stone. The interiors, on restoration at the moment, are richly decorated: flower wall painting, gilded stuccoes, garlands, painted papier maché, boiseries, stained glass, decorated glass, iron railings so called "a colpo di frusta", painted heating radiators, ceramics stoves 1133
Cristina Thió i Marta Vila’, Montserrat Villaverde
Restauración de
las pinturas murales de la Casa De Rosa Pagès en la calle Joaquín Costa, 26 de
Barcelona
In terms of historical
knowledge and in the field of restoration, the mural paintings on Barcelona's
mid-19th century façades represent a challenge for all professionals working in
architectural heritage. In the old town of Barcelona, there is at present a not
inconsiderable number of buildings, of highly popular neo-classical lines,
constructed by master builders and with mural paintings carried out for the
most part between 1840 and 1870 which respond to a desire to enhance exteriors
in keeping with the taste of the times.The techniques employed in the execution
and environmental aggressions have had negative effects on these paintings. In
most cases, deterioration is considerable. Another decisive factor that had
negative repercussions on this type of decoration was the introduction of new
aesthetic canons which involved removing the rendering from the façade or, in
most cases, "hiding" the paintings beneath a new rendering. Their
restoration represents a challenge for professionals and an appreciable contribution
to the preservation of old towns and architectural heritage of a more domestic
nature 1143
Z. Hale Tokay, Hatice Karakaya
The 20th Century Restorations of the Imperial Pavilion (Hünkar Kasri) of
the Yeni Valide Sultan Complex in Eminönü.
The Imperial Pavilion (Hünkar Kasri) of the
Yeni Valide Sultan Mosque is a part of the Yeni Valide Sultan Complex that had
been built (1597-1663) Turhan Valide Sultan in Istanbul, Eminönü. This building
is one of the most magnificient of all pavilions in the aspect of its
architectural form and interior tiles.The complex, the construction of which
took much time (1597-1663) because of several reasons, consisted of a mosque,
an imperial pavilion (Hünkar Kasri), a tomb, a public fountain, a market place
(the Spice Bazaar), a school for the boys (Sübyan Mektebi) , a school for
teaching students Koran by heart (Darülkurra) , an exterior courtyard
surrounded by fortification walls and its gates and the other outbuildings, in
the time of construction.The buildings of the complex that have faced fire,
demolishment and damage many times during construction, went through changes
during the restorations and applications of the 20th century.These changes also
caused a negative influence on the Imperial Pavilion that is one of the most
important buildings of the complex and the subject of our statement. The
building that had been used for other functions for many years and has been
left empty and neglected in recent years, was highly damaged by the effects of
time and its tenants. 1151
Il restauro di manufatti in pietra artificiale: messa a punto e sperimentazione di sistemi compatibili di pulitura, stuccatura, risarcimento.
In the last decades of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, artificial stone was widely used in Turin - as indeed in many other cities - where it was an effective mean of achieving striking decorative effects on the buildings of the eclectic period, and well as on later Art Nouveau and Art Déco work. Today, these buildings, whose compositional virtues give character to large swaths of the urban fabric, constitute an historic, documentary and artistic heritage that must be safeguarded from misguided restoration efforts. There are at least two sets of reasons that make this heritage worth preserving: 1) its historical and architectural value, and 2) the value that architecture featuring artificial stone has in providing evidence of past technologies. The research program now under way at the Polytechnic of Turin - Department of Construction and Territorial System Engineering (I.S.E.T.) is intended to contribute to overcoming the difficulties currently encountered in planning and carrying out maintenance and restoration work on artificial stone 1161
Carlotta Fontana, Valerio di Battista
L’intonaco Terranova nella Milano del Moderno.
Terranova plaster is one of the new
materials that characterized the "face" of Modern
architecture all over Italy and particularly in Milan. Its "industrial"
qualities - it was washable, waterproof, inexpensive, easy to apply, durable,
and available in many bright colours - were very appealing to the taste of
modern architects, and it was praised by designers and builders as well as by
clients and architectural critics in their reviews. Here is a brief report on the Terranova Plaster's fortunes in Italy
in the Thirties and its place among the innovative building materials of its
time. 1171
La manutenzione programmata dei complessi residenziali del XX: una esperienza europea.
Following a synthetic overview on the principal items of the discipline of "architectural restoration" of the masterpieces of XX century, the paper is focused on the main role of the design and evaluation process of XX century buildings, without any difference between the architectural masterpiece and the residential building stock that constitutes part of the modern and contemporary city. In both cases, in fact, the intervention on existing buildings rises fundamental questions about the role of the modern city, the relation between history and future and the significance of the memory. The second part of the paper illustrates main objectives and results of a recent European project (inside the Fifth Framework Program) dealing with a decision-making tool for long-term efficient investment strategies in housing maintenance and refurbishment 1181
Valerio di Battista, Maria Fianchini
MAPP - metodo per le attivita' prediagnostiche a punteggio.
The MAPP is a score method for building
performances pre-diagnostic evaluation, in order to help the selection of the best type of works (maintenance,
rehabilitation, change of use) for building preservation and use, expecially
useful for XX century buildings. The method is based on the site observation of
4 groups of building performance-conditions (security, usability,
decay-breakdowns, comfort), each one divided in 4 sub-categories; it contains
the procedures for condition-observation and data-recording and the criteria to
attribute the scores from 1 (worst condition) to 4 (best condition). The
partial scores may evidence problematic areas; the total score, instead,
expresses a synthetic appraisal and supplies a decisional option. Moreover, the
recording of the observed condition allows to you, to characterize the main
problems to be resolved and the eventual need of further analysis. The MAPP, in
the version for residential buildings, has been tested and it turned out to be
practicable from a not-specialized technician and applicable also on large
scale. 1189
Nuove trasparenze: il restauro delle vetrate absidali della cattedrale di Vicenza.
Nel corso del 1998 è stato
eseguito un interessante intervento di conservazione e restauro sulle sei
vetrate absidali della cattedrale di Vicenza, uno tra i più grandi cicli vitrei
di Pino Casarini (1897- 1972). Il restauro dell' opera,
realizzato dopo cinquant'anni dalla sua esecuzione, pone una serie di
riflessioni sulla possibilità di un nuovo approccio alle problematiche di
conservazione della vetrata. Il restauro delle vetrate del Casarini a Vicenza
oggi, è il risultato di una ricerca impegnata, che affronta e relaziona problemi materici, tecnologici e d'interpretazione
storico-estetica, specifici di un manufatto particolare e poco conosciuto. Durante
il restauro, questa ricerca, ha dovuto rispondere a regole nuove, spesso
difformi ai criteri attuali d'intervento, che difficilmente spiegano come deve
essere considerato il restauro di un manufatto vitreo recente. Sono stati
affrontati problemi legati alla conservazione delle tessere vitree e delle
grisaglie usate nella pittura. Di importanza notevole,
l'analisi sulla relazione esclusiva tra la tessitura plumbea, che innerva gli
antelli e la composizione pittorica, che muta il suo carattere nella prima e
ultima vetrata absidale. Questo nuovo aspetto tende quindi a considerare la vetrata non solo nella sua componente vitrea, ma la
caratterizza come un insieme di più materiali, dove il piombo e il vetro si
fondono intimamente. La trama plumbea è qui considerata sia
come sostegno necessario all' antello, sia come parte integrante della
composizione pittorica, in quanto sottolinea le linee principali delle figure
di Casarini. Sono state utilizzate tecniche nuove, come lo spianamento
dell'antello mediante l'utilizzo di vapori; i righelli in
piombo infatti presentavano un forte irrigidimento che aveva condizionato il
pannello vitreo incurvandolo pericolosamente e provocando la conseguente
rottura dei filetti in rame sustagnati al ferro di sostegno. L'approccio con
l'opera pittorica è stato nuovo, visto che il restauratore aveva conosciuto e
lavorato con il Casarini, tanto da conoscere i modi e i segreti di un artista
dedito anche alla vetrata. Questo ha permesso di far luce sul tipo di grisaglie
presenti e soprattutto sul tipo di "mescole", che vennero
usate dall' artista e che si sono rivelate spesso molto instabili agli agenti
del degrado. Si è quindi intervenuti sul dipinto in modo altamente
specifico, vista la conoscenza dei materiali e delle tecniche usate. E' infine
interessate analizzare il tipo di protezione utilizzata (cristalli esterni),
sia dal punto di vista della scelta estetica (il dibattito su questo delicato
punto resta ancora aperto), sia per quanto concerne la salvaguardia
delle opere del Casarini dagli agenti del degrado. Lo studio conoscitivo e lo
stato di fatto dell' opera, in funzione di questa
reinterpretazione delle regole critica e cosciente, sono stati necessari, per
una corretta scelta d'intervento 1197
Nicoletta Bevilacqua, Anna De Palma
Problematiche inerenti il restauro di un manufatto in pietra artificiale degli anni 30 (e del suo dipinto murale): il Chiosco della Musica di Rapallo.
Method and operative problems have risen during the "Chiosco della Musica" restauration in Rapallo.The building, made of artificial stone, is not only the result of a standardized techological procedure but it can be considered as a "sole piece" studied thorougly in all details. Due to the building two aspects, we had to face a few different problems: while payng attention to the structural concrete degrade, we tried to preserve even the tiniest details of artificial stone.When intervening on the vault of the Chiosco mural we coped with preserving and lacune integration methodical problems thus making it necessary to resort to new and alternative methods that are generally used in antique and valuable art 1209
Materiali e tecnologie costruttive del quartiere Azizieh di Aleppo-Siria
The paper describes the experience of a researchers group of IUAV University of Venice. They have taken part in an international project of co-operation with Egypt and Syria (HERCOMANES) for the conservation and management of these countries architecture. from the end of the XIX century to the begging of the XX century.The research has centered the work on an historical side of Cairo and Aleppo towns.Aim of the work was the development of management useful systems for the restoration, rehabilitation and preservation of the historical sites, monuments, various works. Besides, the work tried to supply the knowledge input required to optimize interventions and to help in the choices.A conspicuous patrimony of places and of good quality architecture exists in Syria and in Egypt.This patrimony, datable between the end of the XIX century and the begging of the XX century, is handed on to us without excessive transformations and in a fairy good state of conservation; this for factors connected with politics. But just the change of the political and economic factors of these last years is going to give rise to transformations of the building plan and of the very buildings. These transformations are as fast as harmful, and in a short time they let foresee the total loss of this patrimony.Moreover the paper deals with the building technologies of that age in Syria and it describes a rehabilitation project of one of the buildings that are object of the design formulated jointly with Aleppo University 1219
Luca De Bonetti, Carlo Fontanari, Roberto Madorno,
Andrea Bertelli
Il restauro della zona di assaggio del centro enologico di S. Michele all'Adige.
Carlo Scarpa considered it as "a routine
work", without any importance and "not worth publishing". As a
matter of fact, the work is reported in the catalog Opera Completa, published
after the architect death, demonstrating the existence of the project for the
arrangement of the S. Michele all'Adige enological center, of which little is
actually known. Even so, it does not lack of significance. The project,
concluded during 1964, has been carried out on a twentieth century wing
juxtapose the interesting architectural complex (a former fortified convent)
which is located in a predominant position with respect to the S. Michele
all'Adige old inhabited place. 1229
I fattori di deterioramento nell'architettura del Ventennio fascista: alcuni casi di studio a Roma.
This text aim is to highlight, through the analysis of some roman examples, as some design's characteristics of the fascists period architecture, makes buildings easily to attack from degradation agents challenge the aspect and often the functionality 1239
Giovanni Moggi, Viviana Guidetti, Adolfo Pasetti,
Silvia Vicini
Sistemi innovativi a base di polimeri fluorurati per la conservazione di materiali lapidei artificiali.
Some fluoropolymers belonging to the class of
perfluoropolyethers of general formula:CF3O-[CF2-CF(CF3)O]n[CF2O]m-X and
Y-[(CF2-CF2O)p-(CF2O)q]-Y
(where -X or
-Y- is a group that can interact with
the stone) have given succeful results, when applied by water microemulsion, in
protection against water penetration of contemporary artificial stones like
plaster, mortar and concrete, as well as in terms of oil repellence, resistance
to stains, compatibility and chromatic variations. Treatments with waterborn
microemulsion of vinylidene fluoride based fluoroelastomers, that provide also
aggregating effectiveness, are reported and discussed. 1249
Nicola Berlucchi,.Cecilia
Catacchio
Restauro di un’architettura moderna a Venezia: la sede dell’INAIL di Giuseppe Samonà, spunti di riflessione.
the present text describe the restoration works
of the facades of a modern concrete building in Venice designed by G. Samonà, a
famous Italian engineer and architect of the 50ties. The contribute underline
typical problems related to conservation of concrete external in full view, of
concrete-framed glass panels windows and of fully painted concrete surfaces: it
seems that for modern buildings it is not possible to consider a pure
conservative approach, but that it must be accepted a more invasive
intervention due to presence of iron bars that must be protected. 1261
Giuseppe Longega, Guido Driussi, Zeno Morabito
La statua di Alberto Viani nel negozio Olivetti di Carlo Scarpa.
la statua di Alberto Viani intitolata "Nudo al sole" costituisce il fulcro attorno al quale Carlo Scarpa progetta il negozio Olivetti sotto le Procuratie Vecchie a Venezia. Prima del restauro che la Assicurazioni Generali stanno predisponendo, è stata realizzata una campagna d'indagine per studiare la statua, alla luce della presenza di visibili e deturpanti forme di degrado che la interessano. Quali sono state le dinamiche e le ragioni di un deterioramento così repentino, da testimonianza verbale inoltre sembra che siano già stati eseguiti interventi di restauro alcune decine di anni fa e si prospetta la necessità di un restauro del restauro del moderno. 1271
Il Laboratorio di Siqueiros a New York: sperimentazione di mezzi e innovazione di materiali alle radici dell’arte contemporanea
An important moment in the evolution of contemporary art is the introduction of new materials and techniques in order to allow new expression of the contemporary artist. This purpose was performed by the mexican artist Siqueiros, who never stopped his research even with the evidence of new arising conservation problems of the synthetic materials, firmly convicted of the excellence of modern research in science, which would bring answers and solutions in the future.The aim of the artist was to abandone the traditional approach in a new world characterised by industrial and scientific development, changing the millenary materials of art with new methods more compatible with the modern life and society 1279
Materiali prefabbricati per l’edilizia in Sicilia fra la fine del XIX sec. e la prima metà del XX sec. Lettura comparata di tariffari, prove sperimentali ed elementi di produzione industriale.
The techniques and the materials used for the constructions of buildings in Sicily are modified deeply among the second half the XIX sec. and the first of the XX sec, turning from an organization, still related to a constructive empiricism and a continuity with the traditional building yard to a phase of experimentation, industrialization and prefabrication of the materials, highly characterizing the architecture of this period. The variation of the technologies is investigated here through the comparison of rates and specifications of the period, illustrating structures and materials diffused in the Sicilian area, and particularly in Palermo, together with the examination of the first scientific tests conducted by the local researchers, and to the reference of industrial catalogues of the existing factories. The knowledge of techniques and materials employed in the architecture of this period it is essential element for a maintenance of the modern historical buildings, that doesn't turn to the only external and figurative parts of the architecture, but that had to comprise the conservation of the complexity of form and structure of these works 1289
Degrado e proposta d’intervento per un ponte in cemento armato di inizio novecento nel parco del Castello di Racconigi.
A recent enquiry on the r.c. bridges placed in
the park of Racconigi has shown large problems of deterioration either on main
beams and on slabs. It concerns firstly the oxidization of iron bars, sometimes in an advanced phase,
with the spalling and expulsion of protecting concrete. In the main beams the
fact is prejudicial because the steel area in limited to few big bars, so that
the lost of efficiency on one element
involves the serviceability of the structure. In the present work the kind of
corrosion either of concrete and of iron is considered and a methodology of
reinforcement is proposed. 1303
Scavo, isolamento e restauro nel battistero di Riva San Vitale in Canton Ticino. Materiali e tecniche negli interventi degli anni ’20 e degli anni ’50.
The works examined are those realized in the 20s and 50s, through which there are over 30 years of continuous debate. This fabric was the subject of a real are archaeological excavation as for the masonry and the surrounding area; the 1953-'55 decisive intervention consisted of the elimination of many existing stratifications and of the original volume insulation to take back to its facies paleocristiana. The fabric, considered one of the most important monuments in Switzerland, this involved the introduction of reinforced concrete structures, the missing parts restoration and, in conclusion, the settlement of a new architecture 1311