C. Genovese
Il consolidamento dei mosaici in Sicilia
tra Otto e Novecento, dibattiti e sperimentazioni.
Between
XIX and XX century, in Sicily there was some experimentations on restoration of
normans mosaics. In fact, in the middle of XIX century, the strategy of
destruction and renovation of the ancient decorations begins to change, with
the start of consolidations of mosaics.
Through
the study of documentation exsisting about restoration of some middle age
mosaics, as the Cappella Palatina in
KEY-WORD:
mosaics,
M. Camaiti, B. Sacchi, L. Borgioli, M. Gombia
Il consolidamento del travertino:
valutazioni sull’efficacia dei prodotti.
Travertine, a carbonatic sedimentary rock with
good compactness, is affected by different alteration processes. At present the
main treatments carried out on this stone consist in filling the superficial
cavities with plaster that produce a protective action from water and dusts on
the underlying structure. In this work, a preliminary study on the effects of
organic polymers based conservative treatments has been carried out. The
durability of the treatments has been evaluated in presence of soluble salts
and under thermo-hygrometric variations. Water capillary absorption, colour
changes, liquid water diffusion and drilling resistance have been monitored
during accelerated ageing test.
Key-word:
conservation, travertine, organic products, consolidation, MR Imaging, drilling
resistance
C. Tedeschi
Aspetti e riflessioni sul consolidamento
degli apparati musivi della cupola di san Pietro in Vaticano: storia, tecniche
e materiali.
In 2005, after Giovanni Paolo
II’s death, I was called with emergency in order to check the conservation
states of some mosaics on the dome of
the basilica of San Pietro in Vaticano. The mosaics are from 1598-1599. The
mortar looked like some areas strongly pulverization and breakup. The restoration work concerned mainly the
consolidations in deep trough infiltration. Very interesting were the mortar’s components whose analysis showed a particular composition based on lime and
vegetal components. Never theless were some problems about the consolidation
trough the compatibility between ancient and new materials. Some important
compositional studies were very precious in order to establish the material for
the consolidation and to start several general considerations about consolidation skills.
Key-Words: San Pietro in Vaticano, dome mosaics, chemical
analysis, detachment, vegetal mortar.
M. Boriani, M. Giambruno, R. Simonelli, L. Toniolo, D. Gulotta,
A. Paradisi
L’apparato decorativo del fronte ovest
del castello Mediceo di Melegnano. Dal “disvelamento” alle linee guida per la conservazione.
this paper discusses the conservation project of the west façade of the
Medicean Castle of Melegnano, from the knowledge of materials to the set up of
the conservation guidelines. It includes the on site survey of the different
materials and their degradation pathologies, the discovering and mapping of
graphic decorations of the plasters, the mineralogical and chemical characterization
of mortars and, finally, the development of a pilot conservation yard. The
cleaning, consolidation and protection methodologies were selected at the aim
of performing an integral conservative project. The work should be focused in
order to ensure the maximum degree of material conservation, thus reducing drastically
the degradation rate. The plaster
consolidation is the most significant and risky phase of the conservation work.
Starting from the analysis of the state of art of this issue in the literature,
three different consolidation methods were proposed and tested on site. The
methodological approach allowed us to define suitable guidelines for the final
plan.
KEYWORDS: lime mortars, plasters, decohesion,
consolidation, conservation methods
C. Blasi, E. Coïsson
Le fratture nelle pietre del Panthéon di
Soufflot: un problema statico e di conservazione delle decorazioni.
In the practice of restoration of historical buildings, the structural
retrofit is often considered as an operation separated from the surface
preservation, and is usually carried out by different experts. This is a wrong
attitude, as it should always be considered that static problems influence
surface conservation and that structural retrofit has often heavy consequences
also on the aesthetics of the buildings. A clear example of this strict
correlation can be seen in the French Panthéon, in
KEY-WORD:
French Panthéon, stability, preservation, stone, decorations
D. Pittaluga
Consolidare le cortine murarie e gli
apparati decorativi in laterizio.
Cosa si
intende per consolidamento di una cortina muraria o di un apparato decorativo
in cotto?
Si intende
un complesso di operazioni in grado di dare consistenza e struttura ad un
materiale che in certi contesti può essere anche molto vulnerabile e facilmente
attaccabile dal degrado, ma significa anche non perdere cromie e sfumature
cromatiche (legate ad esempio a mattoni composti con argille diverse accostati
a scopo decorativo), differenze di trattamenti di superficie …
Significa
non alterare spessori e non modificare in alcun modo le differenti porosità
che, ad esempio, si possono avere tra mattoni molto cotti e poco cotti posti a
fianco per ottenere un particolare effetto estetico.
Altro
problema: molte superfici in laterizio sono lavorate superficialmente….un
consolidante che crei pellicole di spessore, anche limitato, può annullare queste differenze.
L’articolo
si propone, attraverso l’esame di alcune cortine murarie di edifici senesi e di
alcune fabbriche in mattoni del basso Piemonte e la disamina di alcune
prescrizioni descritte nei manuali otto-novecenteschi, una verifica ed una
valutazione dei modi di procedere nei consolidamenti in epoca storica.
(K-Words: briks, coutani-walls,
tradizional finishing, surface, mortar, stratigrafy, archaeology,
consolidation, conservation)
L. De Bonetti, R. Madorno, G. Nerobutto, V. Recati, S. Ubaldi
Torre dell’Aquila al Castello del
Buonconsiglio: studio e consolidamento delle superfici intonacate e degli
apparati lapidei.
The conservation
project has considered the strengthening of old plastered surfaces that for
most area of this has ascribable (dated) at the 15th and 16th century. Because
there are many factors that may influence the ability of the common consolidant
to bond to the surface, such as the catalyst type, coupling agent, solvent
content, outcrop salts, free and linked water content into ancient stones or
plasters, black crust old consolidation based on various polymeric treatments,
etc. the studies of consolidants and it blends performance had evaluated and
then addressed toward the choice of waterborne alkoxysilanes for the ancient
plasters and an special ethyl silicate family (butyl silicate with 317of
molecular weight) chemically linked with methyltrimethoxysilane and
aminopropyltrimethoxysilane / ureidopropyltriethoxysilane like a blend of
coupling agents (slow rate moisture triggered and adhesive functions) for
ancient sandstones of the main windows
Key-Words: Consolidants –
Coupling agents – Moisture triggering agents – High molecular weight
P. Bensi, O. Doria, C. Gardella, F. Passano, M.R. Montiani, D.
Pittaluga, L. Taccia, S.
L’Oratorio di S. Chiara a Bogliasco
(GE). Un intervento conservativo nel
rispetto dell’esistente.
L’attuale edificio della Confraternita di S.Chiara di Bogliasco,
nata nel 1403, fu costruito tra il 1631
e il 1641. E’ possibile seguirne le
vicende costruttive attraverso la ricostruzione storica di P.Gardella, che
esamina i documenti d’archivio.
Presenta tuttora un’aula unica , illuminata da finestrone termale, con
copertura a capanna . Il campanile a
pagoda è del 1681.
L’interno , arricchito negli anni ‘80 del XVIII secolo di una pavimentazione marmorea e di una boiserie
di un sobrio ed elegante barocchetto, conserva pregevoli opere d’arte. Nel 1827, a seguito dell’apertura di via
Mazzini (1817) la fronte fu ornata dal pittore
Damantini con dipinti murali raffiguranti S. Chiara in gloria con ai
lati le allegorie della Fede e della
Speranza. Le figure necessitarono di un
primo restauro nel 1883 da parte di O. Multedo.
Nel 1975 vi è stato un ulteriore ripristino in cui, come hanno
evidenziato le analisi eseguite da Doria
e
Key-words: 19th decoration, restoration, local and
natural materials,conservation, layers
M. Camaiti, F. Fratini, M. Matteini, S. Rescic, L. Rosi, C. Colombo,
M. Realini, L. Pellegrino
I Mosaici della Villa del Casale (Piazza
Armerina-En): problemi di conservazione e proposte di intervento.
Travertine, a carbonatic sedimentary rock with
good compactness, is affected by different alteration processes. At present the
main treatments carried out on this stone consist in filling the superficial
cavities with plaster that produce a protective action from water and dusts on
the underlying structure. In this work, a preliminary study on the effects of
organic polymers based conservative treatments has been carried out. The durability
of the treatments has been evaluated in presence of soluble salts and under
thermo-hygrometric variations. Water capillary absorption, colour changes,
liquid water diffusion and drilling resistance have been monitored during
accelerated ageing test.
Key-word:
conservation, travertine, organic products, consolidation, MR Imaging, drilling
resistance
P.L. Cosentino, P. Capizzi, G. Fiandaca, R. Martorana, P.
Messina, I. Razo Amoroz, L. Pellegrino
Diagnostica per il consolidamento del
mosaico pavimentale dell’Ambulacro nella Villa Romana del Casale (Piazza Armerina).
The interest of "Villa del Casale"
(Piazza Armerina) is mainly to be referred to the floor mosaics.
A new restoration plan was prepared by the
Sicilian Restoration Centre, that includes the renewal of many of the
facilities and technical supports (the roof, the lighting system, etc.) as well
as the restoration of the walls and mosaics themselves. Many geophysical
research has given support to the restoration plan: some investigations had
already been carried out, however others are planned to continue during the
restoration itself to control the results of consolidation. Here we present the
activities that we carried out to investigate many of the technical aspects of
the Corridor of the Big Hunting Scene. This Corridor has been characterized by
a remarkable collapse effect. Therefore, we concentrated our efforts on the
safeguard and conservation of archaeological structures that had already been
partially studied and restored during the fifties.
We got various pieces of information on topics
connected to the following problems: deep collapses in the southern part of the
“Corridor of the Great Hunting Scene”, presence of underground voids connected
to the subsided areas, reconstruction of natural and artificial (both ancient
and recent) buried waterlines, recognition of the age and relative extension of
various masonry walls and their geophysical characterization.
KEY-WORD: Geophysics, Mosaic
Floor, Past Restorations, Corridor of the Big Hunting
Scene, Floor Consolidation.
A. Marino, M. Matteini, F. Fratini
Riflessioni critiche e nuove
sperimentazioni sui trattamenti protettivi e consolidanti a base di ossalato di
calcio artificiale.
Natural calcium oxalate patinas have
been reported for 30 years on carbonatic stone surfaces of most of the
monuments exposed to the open air. The origin of such patinas has been widely
discussed mainly in two international congresses as well as the suitability of
their conservation. Nevertheless it is commonly recognised that the conditions
of conservation of the stone material below the oxalate patinas are always
better than those of the next material
not covered by patinas. Therefore it is undeniable the role of protection
performed by these patinas. According to these observations, fifteen years ago
the Opificio delle Pietre Dure (and now CNR-ICVBC) began to study the
possibility to realise passivating protective treatments for carbonatic stones
based on the formation of artificial calcium oxalate starting from ammonium
oxalate water solutions. In the following years the treatment was extended to
other carbonatic surfaces like decorated plasters and recently to mosaics
realised with carbonatic stone tesserae. The compatibility of such treatment
with the carbonatic materials makes the surfaces highly resistant to the acid
attack although maintaining the mineral nature, the hydrophilic properties and
the permeability to water without interfering with the presence of salts.
Beside the protective action, the numerous applications carried out in
KEY-WORD:
consolidation, protection, oxalate, limestone, decorated façades, sgraffito façades
L. Corrieri, P. Gasparoli
Il consolidamento degli apparati
decorativi interni della Stazione Centrale di Milano.
The surfaces of the internal monumental areas
of the Central train Station in Milan, which were built in ‘30s of last
Century, are made in part with natural stone coverings, and in part with
decorative concrete, to imitate travertine and Nabresina limestone, two of the
most common natural stones in this building.
The rich decorations of Galleria delle
Carrozze, of Sala delle Biglietterie and of Galleria di Testa, which are now in
restoration within the Grandi Stazioni project, had problems about
consolidation and safety, specially about the decorative concrete components.
The technical activities of consolidation and
maintenance, although they were confirmed practices, are critical because of
the monumental dimensions of the building and different conservation
conditions. They need executing in several different parts to permit the ordinary
and safety use of one of the most important National infrastructures. In
addition they have to ensure a global result which must keep in line with the
relevance of this building.
KEY-WORD: Central
Train Station in Milan, conservation, decorative concrete components,
consolidation and maintinance, consolidation and safety.
A. Alberti, F. Bevilacqua, M. Galeotti, D. Pinna, S. Rescic
Il portale lapideo di palazzo Schifanoia
a Ferrara: l’intervento di restauro e la valutazione di precedenti trattamenti consolidanti.
Palazzo Schifanoia,
On the occasion of the recent restoration of
the portal, various aspects, not yet investigated, has been studied:
-
the
polychromy and the gilding on stone
-
the
materials used in maintenance interventions carried out in the past and not
documented
-
the
stone consolidation performed with acrylic-siliconic resins in the documented
restoration dated 1981.
The scientific investigations carried out
include the samples observations with optical and electronic m
Key words: Palazzo Schifanoia, Ferrara, stone
polychromy and gilding, maintenance interventions, evaluation of stone
consolidation.
A. Nucatolo, M. I. Randazzo, F. Tomaselli, G. M. Ventimiglia
La chiesa di Santa Maria della Catena a
Palermo e il restauro degli affreschi nella Cappella Maggiore. Conoscenza, diagnosi e consolidamento dei
dipinti murali.
The essay introduces the searches concerning the
church of Santa Maria della Catena in
KEY-WORD: Chiesa di Santa Maria della Catena, Francesco Saverio Cavallari, Giuseppe Patricolo, Olivio Sozzi, thermography, wall paintings restoration
P. Iazurlo
Supporti in cemento-legno per dipinti
murali contemporanei: problemi di consolidamento e restauro.
The big
restarting of mural painting technique in Italy beginning from the 1930’s goes
along with a large diffusion of mural works made also on mobile support, often
in relation to the big development of local and Unions art exhibitions.
In this
field new solutions are adopted especially for the supports, where atypic and
new materials are experimented, frequently borrowed from building trade, like
eternit, eraclit or populit.
The last
one, largely diffused, is wood - cement boards formed by strips of wood mixed in cement Portland.
The use of
these supports for the execution of mural paintings has caused specific
problems of conservation, and particularly manifest phenomena of detachment of
painted plaster from support. For these problems specific solutions have been
worked out, avoiding water based products and valuing in order to it the
adhesive power of acrylic resins in solutions, commonly used for problems of
consolidation.
KEYWORDS:
mural paintings, contemporary art, support, wood – cement boards, acrylic
resins in solutions
S. Gizzi
Problemi di conservazione degli apparati
decorativi dell’architettura gotico-catalana in Sardegna.
n.d.
M. Positano, T. Poli
La valutazione dei prodotti per il
consolidamento superficiale: proposta di un protocollo di prove.
The work
here presented summarizes three years of experimental activity carried out by ISRIM
s.c.a r.l. (Institute for Research and Training in Specialized Materials for
Advanced Technologies) and CNR – ICVBC Sezione di Milano “Gino Bozza”
(Institute for Conservation and Valorisation of Cultural Heritage). Test
methods have been specifically selected in order to evaluate the efficacy of
consolidating products (mechanical and physical tests, colorimetric
measurements and in situ tests). Six
consolidating products, belonging to different chemical classes, have been used
and four different stones, with different chemical, structural and mechanical
properties, and two kind of stone-powders. Results have been critically
evaluated and each test has been reviewed with particular attention to
significance, reproducibility and reliability. The main advantages and
drawbacks of the different test procedures have been highlighted. Attention has
been focused not on the efficacy of each product on the four selected stones
but on the effectiveness of each methodology in discriminating the behaviour of
the different products and on the opportunity of inserting the tested
methodology in a standard procedure protocol able to completely characterize
the effect of a consolidating product on a decayed stone surface.
KEY-WORD: conservation, stone consolidation,
compression and traction test, m
H. De Clercq, S. De Zanche, G. Biscontin
Teos and time:
the influence of application schedules on the effectiveness of ethyl silicate
based consolidants.
An investigation was carried out at
KIK-IRPA on the application modalities of ethyl silicate based products aiming
at understanding the influence of time between successive applications on the
pore structure and on the final strengthening effect of stones. Samples of
Maastrichter lime stone were treated with different formulations and dilutions.
The number of treatments varied from one to three with an interval between
successive treatments ranging from one day to three weeks. Mercury porosity
measurements, polymerized product content and hardness profiles obtained by a
drilling resistance measurement system (DRMS) were used to evaluate the
consolidating properties. Noticeable differences in pore blocking and in
overall hardness were observed in samples that were treated at one day
intervals and those treated at three week intervals. The strengthening effect
also seems to vary with the type of formulation.
KEY
WORDS: Consolidant, ethyl silicate,
application schedule, pore structure, DRMS
R.Bertoncello, M. Modolo, S. Voltolina, R.Codello, S. Magnani, E.
Zucchetta, V. Achilli, G. Salemi
La vetrata del Vivarini a SS. Giovanni e
Paolo (Venezia): Studio del degrado del manto vitreo e del suo vano di alloggio
per una corretta progettazione dell’intervento.
“Grandioso finestrone archiacuto a comparti, con magnifica vetrata
quattrocentesca, dai meravigliosi smalti colorati. Sebbene molto restaurata, è
una delle opere più insigni uscite dalle fornaci muranesi” (Grand compartmented ogival window,
with magnificent fifteenth-century stained-glass, decorated with amazing
coloured enamels. Even though
much restored, it is one of the most eminent artworks produced in Murano
furnaces). Such description given by Lorenzetti [1], sets the features of the
Grande Vetrata of the SS. Giovanni e
Looking at the precedent restoration works [2],
it has been seen that the problem of the stone wall consolidation arose also in
the past. Such a problem, however, was always considered second place as to the
grisaille consolidation and to the image conservation.
A close up analysis of the artefact was made
and all the weathering phenomena were documented. The documentation was carried
out for every constituent of the work of art (glass tesserae, metallic
retaining structures and stone wall) and particular attention was given to
their interactions (i.e. the consequences of the wall movement on the
stained-glass window).
The diagnostic work was conducted at different
stages: characterization of the Building, Technological and Decorative
Apparatus; analysis of their weathering and comparison of the data related to
each apparatus.
The restoration project will have to aim to the
consolidation and integration of the grisailles, where it will be necessary,
but the consolidation of the stone wall and the rectification of the panels’
deformation will not have to be relegated to the second place.
KEYWORDS:
Stained-Glass Window; Grisaille; Consolidation; Stone Wall; Laser-Scanning;
Weathering
M. Camaiti, F. Fratini, S. Rescic, B. Sacchi
Proposta di intervento conservativo di
reperti fossili del museo paleontologico di Montevarchi.
In this paper the problem of the consolidation of some fossil bones
exposed in the Paleontologic Museum of Montevarchi (AR) is presented. These
bones showed strong problems of conservation with powdering and detachment of
fragments mainly due to salt crystallisation phenomena. Namely bone fragments,
teeth and tusks of some species (Elephas, Rhinoceros, Equus, Bison) lived in
the Upper Valdarno during the Pleistocene age have been studied. In order to
propose suitable products for a conservative intervention, different
consolidating materials both of inorganic (barium hydroxide) and organic
(ammonium caseinate, polyvinyl acetate, a fluoro-elastomer) have been tested.
The effectiveness of the treatments have been determined by visual inspection
of cohesion and verifying thermo hygrometric ageing resistance, chromatic
characteristics and UV stability.
Key-word: fossil bones, Elephas meridionalis, salt crystallisation, thermo-hygrometric
conditions
C. Muscolino, C. Tedeschi, E. Carbonara
I manufatti musivi antichi su supporto
di cemento armato: valutazione su alcune tendenze delle pratiche di
consolidamento.
During
the 20th century manifold ancient mosaic artworks were permanently
changed by disputable restorations which envisaged the placing of the fragments
that were extracted from the excavations on support made of reinforced
concrete. In the last year these mosaics underwent restoration through an
unreserved removal of the supports, which seems a fairly traumatic methodology
alike the previous enticement on the concrete. Nowadays it is possible to
have awareness of the irreversibility of
this operation, that is to be considered as historical, and the artwork has to
be acknowledged in its present aspect:
sole exception is any threat to the preservation of the artwork. Below are
explained some experiences in the field
of restoration ripen in the last years in Ravenna.
Key-Words:
mosaics, removal support reinforced concrete, minimal intervention.
I. Bacchiocca , M. Bacchiocca , F. Ferrucci , A. Vastano
La messa in sicurezza di dipinti murali
e stucchi Il caso dell’oratorio di Santa Croce di Urbino.
Without clear and careful preliminary planning,
emergency operations intended for the recovery of architectonic decorations
using facing and clamps can actually provoke additional damage. This study
examines the post-seismic conservation intervention conducted at Santa Croce
Oratory in Urbino. The complex was built around 1300 and houses a chapel
dedicated to the Holy Thorn decorated entirely of stucco in 1568 by Pompilio
Lanci. The first inspections following the earthquake revealed the extent of
the damage: detachment, flaking, and cupping of the decorated surfaces due to
structural deformations. Some plaster and stucco fragments had collapsed on the
ground while others where threatening to fall. The conservation operations that
aimed at the recovery of the chapel’s decoration begun in 2005 and were just
recently completed. Due to the fragility of the materials, problems arose
relating to reattachment and consolidation which demanded immediate resolution.
The intervention was divided in two phases: the securing of all fragments at
risk and the subsequent consolidation. In order to secure the fragments, a
system using retention clamps was designed to immobilize the fragments. Of
particular importance was the fact that it limited the application of facing
(gauze strips and adhesive) and the use of traditional clamping, hence limiting
potential damage to the materials. This intervention was a unique occasion for
university research and experimentation. Current and past systems used for
anchoring fragments in emergency recovery situations were analysed thoroughly
using a wide range of case studies in order to identify each method’s
advantages and disadvantages.
KEY-WORDS: wall paintings, stucco, seismic response,
clamp, Urbino, Italy
L. Dei, F. Bandini, A. Felici, M. R. Lanfranchi, G. Lanterna, A.
Macherelli, B. Salvadori
Pre-consolidation
of pictorial layers in frescoes: the high performance of CSGI’s method based on
nanolime evaluated by opd team in agnolo GADDI’s leggenda della vera Croce
paintings, Santa Croce, Florence.
In the
last decade the CSGI Consortium (National Center for Colloids and Surfaces) in
Florence developed nanotechnologies for cultural heritage conservation. In
particular, nanomaterials constituted of Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime) sub-m
The aim
of the present contribution was to set up a kind of validation test by one of
the leader teams in the world for wall paintings conservation, namely the
Opificio delle Pietre Dure (
The
conservation state of these paintings showed large regions of loss of
adhesion-cohesion properties in the pictorial film and some tests of
pre-consolidation by means of the traditional casein-lime water method did not
give completely satisfactory results. The application of the CSGI technique,
based on nanoparticle of lime dispersed in 2-propanol in the ultra-dilute
regime (needing several consecutive applications), enabled to perform a very
good cleaning procedure, due to the remarkable recovery of the
adhesion-cohesion properties in the pictorial layers with respect to the casein
method. The nanomaterial was also applied on parts previously treated with
casein achieving good results even in these regions of the painting.
Details
on the application steps and on the experimental results by scientific analysis
are reported to spread the know how about this new technique and to ascertain
the validity of the method.
Keywords:
frescoes consolidation, nanolime, calcium hydroxide, nanomaterials.
A. Còccioli Mastroviti, C. Pezzani , G. Signani , B. Zilocchi
Il comportamento di consolidanti
organici e inorganici. Due casi parmigiani a confronto: risultati del
monitoraggio degli interventi condotti sulle facciate tardo-seicentesche di
palazzo Piazza-Cordero e di Palazzo Boveri.
The painted façade of Building Piazza-Cordero,
she has been submitted to a first intervention documented in 1930, with which
big part of the decorations sacrificed him and was again object of restauration
in 1987, following which, for the employment of stiffen and protective organic,
the analyses chemical in 2000 and in 2006 they have noticed a serious picture,
so much to be made impracticable, at least diffusedly, the 'restauration of the
restauration.' The façade to plasters of
Building Boveri, restauration was submitted to in 1997, after one contemplated
country of analysis chemical-petrografiche. The employment of the ethyl
silicato as stiffen, have shown good behavior in the time, as it result from
the analyses of control duct in 2007.
KEY-WORD: painted façade, analyses of control, stiffen organic and
inorganic, ethyl silicate.
P. Meloni, L. Massidda, D. Floris, G. Carcangiu, R. Quaresima,
F. Paba
Stabilità dimensionale e termica di
calcareniti trattate con silicati di etile.
This study concerns the influence on the main physico-mechanical
characteristics of a calcarenite having high porosity and low strength exerted
by four consolidants based on TEOS. The treatment resulted very effective in improving
mechanical properties and thermal stability. More complex was their effect on
hygrometric properties: in fact a higher hygric swelling, due to the particular
stratified structure of the xerogel produced after polimerization of TEOS, was
observed, despite of a reduced water capillary absorption.
KEY-WORD:
TEOS, xerogel, mechanical strength, porosity, hygrometric properties, thermal expansion.
C. Di Francesco, M. Ragozzino, B. Ferriani, M. Matteini, M.
Realini, C. Conti, R. Mazzeo, E. Joseph, S. Prati
Esperienze innovative e conferme nei
trattamenti a base di ossalati solubili su superfici lapidee e leghe
metalliche: intervento e monitoraggio nel cantiere del portale di Santa Maria delle Grazie a
Milano.
The Lombard Direction for Cultural Heritage has
promoted in 2006 on the portal of the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in
Milan, a research and conservation yard with the aim to refine the existent
conservative strategies and to develop new ones. The portal is mainly made by
Candoglia marble, with a frescoed lunette above and a copper roofing. It
presents a compromised state of conservation, mainly due to chemical attack by
Milan atmosphere and to particulate deposition on the surface. On the basis of
preliminary diagnostic studies and tests in situ, the employ of inorganic
consolidant treatments has been chosen, and so ammonium oxalate has been
applied on stone and sodium oxalate on copper roofing. Actually the monitoring
of surfaces is in progress, in order detect the decay progression and define a
conservative plan that allows to stop decay with as light as possible works.
KEYWORDS: ammonium oxalate, sodium oxalate, Candoglia marble, copper.
M. Favaro, F. Ossola, U. Russo, P. Tomasin, P.A. Vigato
Indicatori di degrado: uno strumento
diagnostico per programmare la manutenzione dei materiali lapidei trattati con
polimeri.
Aware of the requirements of professionals involved in conservation of
stone monuments and the lack of scientific reliable data on efficiency over
time of consolidation treatment with polymers, a research project has been developed
by our Institute in collaboration with curators of building Heritage in Venice
and the Paul Getty Conservation Institute focused on the development of a
scientific strategy to investigate the effects of time on treated monuments. Artificial
ageing of acrylic and silicone consolidants (Paraloid B72; Paraloid B67, a
silicon-based product, Dri-film 104, and an acrylic-silicone mixture -Paraloid
B72+ Dri-film 104- known as Bologna Cocktail) with light and salt solution have
been monitored by physical and chemical measurements. The simulations allow the
characterization of polymer deterioration processes and the identification of
polymer decay markers. The detection of these degradation products on samples
collected from several monuments treated in the past with the above polymers
and naturally aged, validate the experimental results of artificial ageing and
the hypotheses on polymer deterioration pathways. Examples are reported on data
collected from treated surfaces of monuments in the Marciana area in
KEY-WORD consolidation assessment, polymer
deterioration and removability, decay markers
L. Bassotto, A. Chiarelli, M. Pretelli, P. Pastorello, C.
Tomasi, P. Pagnin, A. Abbate, M. Favaro, U. Casellato, C. Lugnani
La facciata lapidea della Chiesa di San
Geremia a Venezia: tecniche di consolidamento dell’apparato architettonico
decorativo danneggiato dal fuoco.
In 1998 the façade of San Geremia Church in
Key words: fire,
Istrian stone, calcium-oxide, consolidation, inorganic binding
C. Accetta
Architettura moderna e consolidamento
degli apparati decorativi: casi studio del fronte a mare a Palermo.
The present quest, through the investigation on the ground wants to
emphasize the complexity of the interventions of consolidation of the
architectural and decorative apparatuses of some modern buildings in the sea
forehead in
KEY-WORD:
consolidation, modern buildings, concrete, chlorides, sea aerosol
F.Albani, M. Mittermair, M.Pescoller
La conservazione del fregio decorativo
della Sichelburg di Falzes in Val Pusteria: problematiche metodologiche e
tecniche.
The
process of knowledge of the architecture and his contest was one of the
essential requisite of the methodology
for the consolidation of a fifteenth-century fresco on a façade of a “Ansitz”,
a house of noble family. The
conservation of stratifications is one of
target of the work.
KEY-WORD: consolidation, fifteenth-century fresco,
process of knowledge, stratifications, South Tirol
K. Ambrogio, A. Conforti, R. Fabbri
Il consolidamento dei materiali moderni
tra conservazione e sostituzione. Un
problema di restauro o di manutenzione ordinaria?
The present paper is a critical
reflection on the surface consolidation regarding the materials used in modern
buildings with an acknowledged value of cultural
heritage. The
acknowledgment of the
historical and artistic value of a modern building does not simply entail the
necessity of operating according to the common standards of building
maintenance but also the necessity of applying the preservation criteria.
Consequently, it is important to develop an in-depth theoretical analysis of
the criteria and methodologies for the conservation of modern buildings, in
particular as regards surface consolidation. The following materials were
analysed: finished concrete, ceramic coatings and plaster surfaces containing
asbestos.
The paper aims to understand whether
the conservation principles applied to historic buildings are suitable for
reproducible and serial materials which are close to our technologies.
KEY-WORD: finished concrete, ceramic coating, asbestos,
preservation, maintenance
C. Benocci
Consolidare un materiale non adatto
all’ambiente: i dodici mesi in arenaria di villa Sciarra a Roma, tra problemi e
proposte di soluzioni.
The sculptures made in
“arenaria” of Villa Sciarra, called
twelve months, of the XVIIIth century but used in the XXth century to decorate
the garden, present a series of different operations where the restore didn’t
respect an different material from other
stones used at Rome. Before the last restoration, in the 2005, only in the
1990-91 the director of works had tried to preserve the image of “arenaria”, with
his colour and surface, without put on cement and other materials non
appropriate. Nevertheless, the “silicato
di etile” used for restoration had conserved the last image, even if only the
maintenance and the attention to the surface can guarantee a correct
conservation of our sculptures.
KEY-WORD: Villa Sciarra –
sculptures – “arenaria” – twelve months
M. Zampilli, G. Botticelli, P. Mariani, M.P. Topa
Macerata – Palazzo Buonaccorsi. Restauro
strutturale e consolidamento degli intonaci dipinti: messa in sicurezza delle
pitture murali mediante l’utilizzo del metodo della fermatura a punti con
resina termoplastica.
Palazzo Buonaccorsi is
certanly one of the most valuable nobiliary residence of Macerata both for the
architectural form and the rich ornamental and pictorial apparatus which the most
important are on the famous “Gallery of Aeneid” and on the first floor's others
rooms.
Devoted to contain the town's museum of Macerata, from 2002 the palace
is object of a complex and radical restoration.
The structural consolidation, according to the seismic improvement's
standards provided by the technical normative, especially the regional
normative, is been carried out by strictly conservative actions and by soft
systems of reinforcement to restore the first functional character to the
structural elements. Have been used building technologies taken from the local
traditions, improved if necessary, but excluding technology and materials too
stiff and invasive, frequently reason of the first structural behaviour's
alterations of the different components.
In this contribution it is paid attention to preventive consolidation of
the first floor's painted surfaces, necessary to minimize the increase's risk
of the already unstable conditions of the supports during the structural
actions on the walls.
The work is been carried out by specialized restorers using the point
fastening method with thermoplastic resin.
KEY-WORD: Palazzo
Buonaccorsi Macerata, restoration, consolidation painted surfaces, point
fastening method.
G. Calcagno, A. Rava
L’evoluzione del consolidamento
sottovuoto in sito applicato a manufatti di interesse storico artistico.
Concrete large sculptures and architectures
exposed to outdoor environment undergo specific phenomena of decohesion,
blister, detachment of fragments from the surface, chlorine and sulfate salts
attack with related alterations of the composition of cement.
Water absorption increase the disruption with
transportation of salts on the surface and growth of biological attack into the
open pores.
Consolidation of the porous material has the
aim of surface preservation and rehinforcement of the core of the sculpture in
order to maintain a good static behavior to the work of art.
The risk of scarce penetration of the consolidant allows
delamination in layers loosing the most important parts of the sculpture with
texture, hand and instrumentation traces.
In order to avoid insufficient penetration of
the consolidant and to reach the solid substrate, vacuum systems were adopted
since 1976, with good results for in-situ applications, increasing of 4-5 times
the absorption of product.
Different vacuum systems are described with a
recent active cycle application to a large modern sculpture of Tano Festa,
“Finestra sul mare” at Fiumara d’Arte in
KEY WORD: consolidation, concrete sculptures,
maintenance, outdoor environment, vacuum system, m
F. Cassarino, S. Donesana, L.
Magni
Conservazione delle superfici
architettoniche e decorative della facciata principale della chiesa di Santa Maria
Maddalena in Montodine (CR).
N.D.
M. Baldan, C. Beltrami, R. Braggio, G. Frigo, A. Totolo, M. De
Adamich, G. Castiglioni
Il consolidamento delle decorazioni
della loggia Farinati in palazzo Bocca Trezza a Verona. Interventi diretti e
modifica delle condizioni ambientali ai fini della conservazione.
Corte Bra Murari Palace, now Bocca Trezza,
doubtless represents in Verona one of the most relevant examples of veronese
Reinassance patrician architecture. Built towards the middle of XVI century it
still houses a precious repertoire of fresco and plaster decorations. Tha
loggia decoration at the ground floor by Paolo Farinati (end of XVI century)
the object of this analysis, it is now in an advanced deterioration, the
pathern and inquiry campaign led in cooperation with Sopraintendenza and local
administrations, in view of a general preservation act, has revealed the
dramatic situation in which lays Farinati’s work, besides new discoveries in
the technical painting field and the materials used to produce it. The terrible
conditions of the dry-paintings seems due to a radical change in the
environmental conditions happened in the last century, following the demolition
of a courtyard wing on which the loggia used face. This led to a sudden
deterioration of its decorations which till the end of the XIX century were
perfectly visible.
Therefore a conservative action proposal has
been developed; its prior need is the consolidation of the preliminary layers
and painting film.
KEY-WORD: Verona, Corte Bra Murari Palace, Paolo Farinati, dry-paintings.
G. Cavallo, G. Nicoli, M. Somaini
Il consolidamento degli intonaci della
facciata principale della chiesa di San Fedele a Roveredo (Svizzera).
The manuscript shows the results coming from a
multidisciplinary didactic laboratory held (3rd year students of
Conservation and Restoration degree course) during the winter semester. The
topic of this on field laboratory was the analysis and the conservation of the
plasters which cover the main façade of St. Fedele Church at Roveredo (
The stratigraphic sequence exhibits three
plasters belonging to three different periods: the first one is a lime-based
mortar with the addition of silicatic sands used as rasa pietra plaster (13th-15th century); the
second one is a early 17th century repair plaster used to close the
original apse and to smooth the architectural surface; the last one is a 17th
century plaster called schlämme (a
thin fluid mortar) on which a graffito was
incised.
The early 17th century plaster
exhibits scarce adhesion to the support, superficial and structural cracks.
The samples corresponding to each phase has
been analyzed by optical m
The consolidation of the early 17th
century plaster has been carried out by ethyl silicate and meta-acryl
silossane; structural cracks have been treated by injections of colloidal lime.
Key-words: consolidation, plaster, rasa pietra, (s)graffito, schlämme.
V. Daniele, E. Franzoni, R. Quaresima, F. Sandrolini, G.
Taglieri, R. Volpe
Risultati preliminari di trattamenti
conservativi a base di nanocalce su arenarie emiliane.
In the present work a nanolime, to
be used in Cultural Heritage Conservation, is produced in order to evaluate its
effectiveness on the conservation of some Italian sandstones.
Lime nanoparticles are produced by a chemical precipitation process
in supersaturated aqueous or alcoholic solutions of reactants. Then, they are
characterised by transmission electron m
Key-word:
Calcium hydroxide, Consolidation, Lime, Nanoparticles, Protection, Sandstones
L. Di Bella, L. Lazzaroni
I chiostri di San Francesco a Bergamo:
un restauro del restauro. Dal consolidamento degli affreschi negli anni trenta
alle problematiche che si riscontrano oggi: proposte di intervento per
l’attuale.
The former convent of San Francesco in
During this phase, important tamperings of the
ancient conventual structure are noticed; in 1938-39 a plan of restoration for
its use as school was developed, attempting to restore as much as possible the pre-nineteenth-century
situation.
At that time some pictorial cycles are discovered
and restored. Several technical designs give us a clue about the performed
works: Arturo Cividini restored the frescoes in the rests of the former church
and in the cloisters. From the reports of the age we learn that the paintings “flake
in an alarming way both on the surface of the color and of plaster”, and
actions like “cement and casein injections, fixing of the color, cleaning and pictorial
restoration” were taken. Nearly seventy years after this restoration these
degradations are newly visible and an intervention of urgent consolidation is
still necessary; in fact some parts of the frescoes in the cloisters are detached
from the support, cracked and full of salts. These phenomena are partially due
to the interventions performed from the thirty’s onwords because of the
insufficient compatibility of the materials employed. Even today we are faced
with the problem of how to consolidate frescoes and to stop the degradation, with
the further challenge of coming to term with previous and the question of
preserving them or not.
Keywords: “frescoes”, “cement”, “casein”, “injections”;
“restoration of a previous restoration”, “salts”, “Arturo Cividini”
G. Castiglioni, C. Beltrami, M. Baldan, G. Frigo, A. Totolo, M.
Nottegar, E. Vailati, R. Pasini
Il consolidamento degli apparati
decorativi del giardino storico: la peschiera e le grotte artificiali di villa
del Bene-Scopoli ad Avesa (Verona).
In the preservation of the historical gardens architectonic elements,
issues related to these objects building characteristics are tackled: their
nature, often intrinsically “ephemera”, that doesn’t expect the complete
protection from environmental factors and the related deterioration, and their
constant exposition to the atmospheric agents, that aggravate exponentially the
conditions and finally, in case of the nymphaeums, the contemporaneous presence
of very elaborate decorations and installations and “play of water” that
maintain them in constant contact with very high humidity percentage, make
extremely complex the operations turned to the conservation and strengthening
of these astonishing manufactures. In the case of Villa del Bene – Scopoli
nymphaeum in Avesa – realized during the early decades of the XVII century –
the intervention highlighted a decorative method into the main so far unknown,
concealed by a recent plaster; it is an extraordinary decoration in polychrome
gravel totally uncommon in the
KEY-WORD:
historical gardens, nymphaeum, grotto, “play of water”, polychrome gravel.
G. Frigo, A. Sandrini, G. Castiglioni, C. Beltrami
Il consolidamento degli apparati
scultorei e architettonici del giardino di villa Rizzardi a Pojega di Negrar
(Verona).
Among one of the most interesting
and best preserved “green” Venetian architectures, the 18th century Rizzardi’s
garden in Pojega di Negrar presents a splendid statuesque cycle comprising
about 70 masterpieces. The rich and complex iconographic program spreads along
an articulated route in the garden. It is animated from the “mythological
presences” of the divinities beloved to the neoclassic culture of which the
garden is an original mirror.
A large number of these statues are
subject to enhanced degradation, leading to irreversible loss. Many turn out to
be not only mutilated but also nearly unrecognizable due to the missing parts
of the modelled crafts. The conservation’s main objective is to arrest the
ongoing physical and structural degradation process. Therefore the causes of
dangerous material falls are eliminated in the first place and the
architectonic apparatus of such a unique and articulated complex is
safeguarded.
KEY-WORD: Conservation, Pojega di
Negrar, nummulitic limestone characterisation,
historic
sculpture garden, diagnostic study, non destructive analysis
S. Gaggioli, G. Suardi
La chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta in
Borgo: un’occasione per un proficuo confronto tra architetto e restauratore.
The Church of “Santa Maria Assunta
in Borgo” underwent extensive analysis of materials, operational techniques and
analysis of its conservational state before intervening. Moreover, during the
analytical phase, graphic documentation was made of this important operation
which looked at surface and depth consolidation (as well as surface scraping,
cleaning, filling, painting additions, colour wash) which involved the
plastered frescoed surfaces and not those indoors and outdoors. After finishing
this work, the documentation, which was the result of architectural-renovation
collaboration, was given to the commissioner and the controlling body in order
to give a complete picture of a particular stage of the work; it was intended
for whoever in future may need to intervene in other conservation
projects. The fifteenth century wooden
ceiling, also underwent an appropriate scraping operation and surface
consolidation of the painted goldcrests.
KEY-WORD: analytical phase - graphic documentation of operations -
consolidation
A. Guerrini, S. Simonetti, R. Baratti Rava
Restauro della facciata Seicentesca in
cotto a vista del palazzo Carignano in Torino.
The construction
of Palazzo Carignano in
KEY-WORD:
handmade bricks, file research, First Italian Parliament, pilot construction
site, diagnostic survey.
G. Lorenzini, C. Portosa
Un consolidamento degli anni settanta
rivisto e corretto: i manufatti in stucco della Parrocchiale di Travagliato
(BS).
This study
shows the restoration works of the apse of Santi Pietro e Paolo’s Church in
2006. The surfaces had already been restored in the seventies with conservative
methods based on the application of grout in order to stop the erosion of the manufactured works and to
reconstruct parts of the mouldings.
These applications turned out to be deleterious and caused new break-up of the
material. This work describes the technique
of consolidation used in the last restoration. The materials used have suitable
features with reference to the materials that make up the decorative and
architectural manufactured.
KEY-WORD: stucco, mouldings, erosion, break-up, consolidation
N. Santopuoli, S. A. Curuni, F. Maietti, S. Vanacore, L. Seccia,
E. Troiani, V. Virgilli, D. De Vincenzo, E. Concina, L. Tapini
Il consolidamento degli apparati
decorativi mediante dispositivi a memoria di forma: il progetto di ricerca sui
dipinti murali di via dell’Abbondanza a Pompei.
The research project,
started during the restoration site, recently concluded, has concerned the
interventions of consolidation, conservation and restoration on some façades of
ancient shops along via dell’Abbondanza (Regio IX, Insulae 7 and 11) in the
archaeological site of
A section of the
research project has regarded the experimentation, still in progress, of new
technological devices aimed at the restoration of mural paintings and based on Shape
Memory Alloys (SMA) to work out consolidation problems otherwise solved by
means of not-reversible or intrusive methodologies. One of the innovative
applications of these devices concerns the movement of the polycarbonate sheets
placed to protect the mural paintings.
The particular context of the research project
is placed on the boundary between the excavated area and the still buried area;
so, it has been particularly interesting to focus the research on the consolidation
of decorations and mural paintings, also by means of the study of the
interventions by Vittorio Spinazzola during the excavation works at the
beginning of the XX century.
Key-words: Consolidation, conservation,
innovation, shape memory alloys, reversibility, methodological integration
M. Ottaviano
Recupero di dipiti murali celati alla
vista. Basilica antica del Santuario di Oropa (Biella): navata centrale e
cappella dei Lumini.
This Article
describes the restoration methods applied to the brought to light XVIIth
Century wall paintings in the Oropa's Basilica Antica, realized with both
“fresco” and “secco” technique. After tre remeval of biodeteriorating agents
and of soluble salt, the paintings were cosolidated; in order to evaluate if
the consolidation was succesfully completed, the water absorption was measured
directly on the painting surface thanks to a Karsten pipe. In order to remove
deposited particle and cement layers was succesfully used the Jos-Rotec low
pressure method, a specialized m
Key-Words: Oropa Basilica Antica – tratteggio – wall
paintings – paintings tecmniques -
Jos-Rotec low pressure method – lacunae – consolidation – m
V. Pracchi
Mauro Pellicioli, ‘restauratore
principe’: note sugli intereventi di consolidamento.
Practices used by restorers in the past are
quite unknown today. The following notes concern Mauro Pellicioli’s
interventions, especially those of consolidation of most relevant frescoes.
Years gone by and the upgrade of operating techniques cause, in most cases, the
denial, in terms both of knowledge and physical, of these restorations. The
point is not to look nostalgically at old restorations, but to study techniques
and attitudes to better understand how to behave today.
Key-Word:
Pellicioli, old restorations, shellac, gum arabic, Brandi
V. Proietti
Il microconsolidamento delle superfici
decorate del padiglione rinascimentale di villa Aldobrandini a Roma: una
riflessione sui materiali e le metodologie adottate.
The decorative apparatus of the ancient
pavilion of entrance in Villa Aldobrandini in Rome was settled and restored
during the half of ninetys’, in the course of
the program of appreciation of
manufactures and of the garden. We can do some reflections about materials and
tecniques which were used.
On that time it was possible either to use
traditional materials and tecniques or to use industrial end prepacked
products. This operation required people with a great tecnical – scientific
experience and some chemical analysis to define the parameters which could be
suited to the controlled employment of
the products.
The risk was rapresented by the uncontrolled
use of new products to obtain an immediate aesthetic effect (consolidators,
“tonachini”, paintings and so on) without a suited test to estimate the
compatibility of the new materials with the present supports.
The different possibilities of restoration
anno-unced the discussion among a work of
“improvement” and a work of adjustment, wich nowadays is occupying on a
theoretical and practical level all the aspects of the restoration.
KEY-WORD: Villa Aldobrandini, the decorative
apparatus, work of improvement, work of adjustment.
M. Realini, C. Colombo, C. Conti, R. Negrotti, T. Poli, S.
Baldis, R. Grazioli, M.R. Lanfranchi
Il consolidamento della facciata del
palazzo del museo di piazza della Cittadella a Bergamo: monitoraggio delle
applicazioni di ossalato di ammonio sulle superfici dipinte.
Conservation of external surfaces needs
continuous actions because weathering processes often continue even on restored
surfaces; for this reason it would be wise to carry out frequent “light”
conservation works instead of a “sensational” one.
The monitoring of environmental parameters, of
the progression of surface weathering process and of the durability and
efficacy of surface treatments allows to define frequency and methods for
planned conservation works.
Currently, CNR-ICVBC is carrying out many
monitoring surveys based on non destructive methodologies characterised by low
operating costs and good adaptability to different surfaces.
In this paper, the results of the application
of an ammonium oxalate treatment on wall paintings are discussed. The behaviour
of the treatment has been detected by non-destructive techniques, such as the
measurement of colorimetric parameters (CIE L*a*b* system), of low pressure
water absorption and m
KEY-WORDS: Wall paintings, Inorganic
treatments, Ammonium oxalate, Monitoring.
B. Repezza, S. Franceschi, A.M. Lazzari, M. Lazzari, F. Rizzi,
I. Benedet
L’apparato decorativo del campanile
della Pieve di Gorto in Carnia: studi e conservazione.
During the study and the restoration of
bell-tower of Gorto’s parish church of Santa Maria (in Ovaro, Carnia region),
it has been discovered a series of at least three subsequent phases of
polychrome decorations, located in the small suspended arches of the frame and
in their intradoses. These decorations, characterized by four or six segments
of white, red and ochre colour, helped in casting some light on the traditional
decorations of Carnia bell-towers, revealing how they could have looked like.
In fact, such ornaments have disappeared for the major part, by reason of the
hard weather conditions of the region and of the heavy mechanical stresses due
to bells movements.
As a consequence of this discovery, an
extensive and detailed analysis has been carried out, which led to the project
for the improvement of the whole bell-tower structural behaviour, conditio sine qua non for the
preservation and reinforcement of the superior pictorial decorations, avoiding
the use of paintworks.
KEY WORDS: bell-tower, suspended small arches,
pictorial decorations, re-pasting
A. Fontanini, V. Ghezzi, D. Rancilio, L. Sala, B. Scala
Ancora sull’acqua di calce: il restauro
della Cappella Cavalcabo’ nella chiesa di S.Agostino in Cremona a dieci anni
dall’intervento.
Which has often raised aversion due to its
applicative limitation and poor effect. However acqua di calce (special
technique for consolidation) detained good resoluts especially in a project
supported be the superintendency of cultural heritage of Brescia the restoring
of the paintings. The restoring of the paintings in the chapel Cavalcabò in the
church S. Agostino in Cremona (painting by Bonifacio Bembo and others). This
chapel in one of the most important exemples of late gothic art, which survived
the restoration during the 18th and 20th centuries mainly
thanks to Guido Gregorietti’s work in
KEY-WORD: Compatibility,
acqua di calce, fixing, historical intervention
V. Ghezzi, D. Rancilio, L. Sala, B. Scala
Le facciate pol
San Lorenzo’s church in
Bovegno-Valtrompia in the only one which has maintenained its original
multicoulored external plastering, mainly thanks to a series of works of
maintenance end consolidation. This building lies betwen two small towns (Irma and Magno) the two connonties contended
fori t for a long time. Cater it was set aside end that soved it from
renovation but not from neglect end deterioration, as it was abandoned in the
XVIII century.
The building with its
scratch-worksand painting frescos, was restored end preserved end the
maintenance works took often dace in extremis, just before the coliapse.
Puring the last works from 2002 till
2005 we noticed G.B.Simonis’s contribution he was a brilliant and painter
restored the façade in the 50s. The main chacteristics of its work were the
technique used to strenghten. The original plastering and the decisions he took
not only as restorer but also as artist, who pays attention to aestethic
valves. The holes in the ornamental design were reintegrated with dull painteng
end that was a good decision. While the plastering of other buildings in Val
Trompia was ruined this essay gives some consideration about the inorganich
consolidation and fixing system of the painted plasterings.
KEY-WORD: graffito, ricostruzioni storiche, cemento, Bovegno
R. Scunza
Il restauro del plafone del teatro
“Gabriello Chiabrera” di Savona.
On the morning of October 11th 1999,
the acustic vault of the Teatro Gabriello Chiabrera in
The project for the restoration of the ceiling
has been financed by the Italian Ministry of Culture (Ministero per i Beni e le
Attività Culturali) and works undergone between 2004 and 2005: Fragments were
reassembled with the help of a 1 to 1 photograph, then reenforced, linked and
glued on a perspex structure with the same curve of the original existing
vault. The whole ceiling has been reinforced with FRP bands (Fiber Reinforced
Polymer) and finally the vault painted plaster has been restored.
KEY-WORD: Liguria - Savona – Theatre –
Collapsed – Restoration – FRP – Vault
F. Tomba
L’apparato decorativo in terracotta del
chiostro piccolo della Certosa di Pavia: conseguenze di un intervento
sperimentale di consolidamento del dopoguerra.
The small cloister of Certosa in Pavia is characterised by the presence of
frizes and modelled terra cotta ornaments, with also some elements obtained by moulds
and plasters. Starting from the 18th century there been problems of
decay at terracotta frizes, caused by the differents between the matherials and
position in the architecture. In 1953 Gino Chierici experimented a new surface
treatment for the maintenance of terracotta, consisting in wax and turpentine.
It was an experiment aiming at preservation that consisted by covering the
surface of terracotta ornaments with a solution of wax and turpentine, after
having brushed it. The practise was experimented many times for three years in
the small cloister and the positive firming effects obtained without altering
the terracotta colour were evident. From the autopsy test of the decay and
alteration shape on the terracotta and the plaster coat the following
alteration types occurred: grey deposit, organic film due to the maintenance,
black deposit and surface efflorescence. At the same time the following decay
types have been found: terracotta m
KEY-WORD:
terracotta – consolidation – wax – hydrophobe – decay
V. Vaccaro
Uno scrigno di pietre dure. Il restauro
dell’apparato decorativo delle Cappelle Medicee di Firenze.
The author illustrates the most recent issues
of planning and executing the restoration of the marble and inlaid stone
cladding at the Medici Chapels at
Key-word: Medici Chapels. Marble. Restoration. Consolidation.
Pozzolana lime.
P. Croveri, L. Dei, J. Cassar
Metodologie di consolidamento di
superfici architettoniche interessate da sali solubili. Il caso di studio delle fortificazioni
Maltesi: valutazione dell’efficacia dei trattamenti e criticita’.
Soft limestones used as building materials in marine environment undergo
fast and particular deterioration processes that seriously damage the
historical and architectural cultural heritage of Mediterranean cities. The
presence of soluble salts in masonry is one of
the most significant causes of degradation for highly porous stone and
can limit the efficacy of adopted conservation treatments. Organic and
inorganic consolidation methods, already evaluated in the laboratory on Globigerina Limestone (the local limestone of the
Maltese islands) quarry samples, were tested on the deteriorated stone of
local sea facing fortifications (
KEY-WORDS stone consolidation,
soluble salts, Globigerina Limestone,
treatment evaluation, calcium hydroxide dispersion, calcium oxalate, ethyl
silicate, Malta
R. Giorgi, D. Chelazzi, P. Baglioni
Nanocalce per il consolidamento di
pitture murali Maya in area sub-tropicale: un esempio di internazionalizzazione
del know-how del CSGI.
Mexican
cultural heritage is one of the richest in the world, and provides a huge
source of information about Mesoamerican civilizations. Efforts for
preservation, in the past years, included the use of acrylic and vinyl polymers
as coatings for consolidation of wall paintings. Unfortunately, the strongly
hot and humid climate of many Mexican regions increases the rate of degradation
of these polymers, so that dramatic effects, such as flaking of surfaces and
paint detachment, are produced in a short time. One possible alternative relies
in the use of nanoparticles for the consolidation of the painted layers. This
method grants a full physico-chemical compatibility between the restoration
product and the substrate it is applied on. Dangerous drawbacks are thus
avoided, and a full consolidation is gained. This paper reports last case-studies of paintings consolidation
by using calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (developed by CSGI) in alcoholic
dispersions. A new formulation for nanoparticles dispersion was tried,
including extractives from Ramon tree (Brosimum Alicastrum), a local plant used
by Maya as source of binder for pigments. By this way alterations of the
mechanical resistance and hydrophobicity of the painted layers were avoided and
a stable consolidation of the pigments was granted.
KEY-WORD:
Mexican Cultural Heritage, wall paintings, consolidation, nanoparticles, Ramon,
capillarity.
A. Moropoulou, E.T. Delegou, N.P. Avdelidis, E. Aggelakopoulou,
M. Karoglou
Evaluation of
consolidation interventions on Hagia Sophia mosaics using ndt techniques.
In this work the major interventions
that took place for the consolidation of Hagia Sophia dome mosaics in 19th
and 20th century are recorded. Moreover, the evaluation of these
applied interventions is presented by the use of several Non Destructive
Testing techniques like ultrasonics, ground penetrating radar, m
Keywords:
mosaics, consolidation, Hagia Sophia, NDT
S. Trucco, G. Villani, F. Badino
Ritrovare Porta Nuova. Studi, progetti e
interventi di restauro della stazione torinese.
The projected intervention of conservative
restoration springs up from the guess of keeping unchanged the original image
of the building and, meanwhile, of working with techniques and methodologies
reversible and not invading. The executive project also the fines a method
expressed in a special specification (a manual) in order to give to the final
workers a device easy to use. This device was thought to allow the workers of
realising the intervention without the continuative help of the planners. We
realized, after accurate valuation about the situation of the fronts, about the
stone materials that have to remain in sight, and about the historical image of
the building, every single phase of the intervention: the preparation, the
structural consolidation, the repainting and the material restoration. The
final result, about colours and materials, was gauged on the presence of stone
materials that were in origin projected to prevail the noble front.
KEY-WORD:
G. Berlingò, G. Palandri
La certosa di
Trisulti a Collepardo (FR) il restauro dei prospetti del monastero e della
chiesa.
Within southern “Lazio” territory
the “Trisulti” chartreuse in Collepardo (province of Frosinone - Italy)
represents one of the most important examples of monastery founded at the
beginning of the XIII century. At the present time it is a state property
entrusted to the Cultural Heritage and Activities Ministry, even if is a
concession to the Congregation of Cistercian “Casamari” Order; more over
in the “Trisulti” chartreuse is placed
the homonymous National Library. The valorization, restoration and maintenance
project of the architectural complex, formed by the buildings facing to the
Trisulti chartreuse’s church square, has been undertaken by the “S.B.A.P.L.” of
Rome, during 2004/2005 years and a restoration campaign relative to the
monastery’s and “San Bartolomeo” church’s
façades, both integrant parts of the monumental whole, has been performed.
Key word: Chartreuse -
Trisulti - Collepardo (FR) - Monastery - Church -
J.
Preparation of
aged samples for testing stone treatments.
Some
experimental protocols for producing artificially aged stone surfaces are
presented. This type of surfaces is a good approximation to naturally decayed
surfaces and therefore they are well suited to test consolidants and water
repellents in controlled lab conditions. Marble and porous limestones are the
object of this paper. Thermal shock was selected for ageing marble specimens,
while salt crystallisation with sodium sulphate was used for producing decayed
surfaces in the porous limestones.
Key-words:
stone treatment/aged surfaces/thermal shock/salt crystallization/marble/porous
limestone
E.Zendri, G.Biscontin, I.Nardini, M. Sgobbi
Indagini sulle variazioni m
Lo studio prende in esame le variazioni di porosità valutate
su campioni di pietra di Vicenza trattati con diversi consolidanti in solvente
e in dispersione acquosa. Si esamina l’andamento del volume cumulativo e della
distribuzione della porosità in relazione ad alcune caratteristiche dei
prodotti applicati, in particolare alla viscosità ed alla dimensione delle
particelle disperse. Quest’ultima caratteristica sembra influire in modo poco
significativo sulla capacità di penetrare in profondità nel supporto, e solo
parzialmente sulla capacità di penetrare nei pori di piccole dimensioni.
Key -Word: consolidation, porosity, porous stone.
R. Mazzari, U. Dainese, G. Driussi, G. Biscontin, M. Tonon,
Z.Morabito
Comportamento di nanodispersi dispersi
in acqua per il consolidamento di superfici architettoniche.